Monday, October 22, 2012

Banjar Tribe From Province of South Kalimantan



Banjar tribe ( Banjar language : Urang Banjar / اورڠ بنجر) or Oloh Still is ethnic or ethnoreligious Muslims who occupy most of the province of South Kalimantan , and since the 17th century began occupies most of Central Kalimantan and part of East Kalimantan , especially the plains and the lower reaches of the watershed (DAS) in the region. The interest Banjar Banjar sometimes also called Malay, but the naming of the rare is used.
Ethnic groups from the Banjar Banjar area of the watershed that is a blend Bahau (correction: Material DAS / DAS State), Das Barito, DAS and the DAS Tabanio Martapura. of the Barito River downstream of central interest is the Banjar. The emergence of Banjar tribe not only as a concept but also the concept of ethnic political, sociological, and religious. In linguistic, ethnic Banjar language used is a combination of language families Malayic and Barito Kingdom .
Since the 19th century, Banjar tribe began migrating to many parts of the Malay Archipelago and established residential enclaves there. 

Sunday, October 21, 2012

People Kanekes or Bedouin / Beduin Indigenous Sunda



People Kanekes or Bedouin / Beduin is an indigenous group of Sunda in the Lebak regency, Banten. Their population is around 5,000 to 8,000 people, and they are one of the tribes who apply isolation from the outside world. In addition, they also have the confidence taboo to be photographed.
Etymology
The term "Bedouin" is the designation given by residents outside the community groups, the researchers started from the title Dutch who apparently equate them with the Arab Badawi who is sedentary societies (nomadic). Another possibility is that the River and Mountain Bedouin Bedouin in the northern part of the region. They themselves prefer to call themselves as urang Kanekes or "Kanekes" corresponds to the name of their territory, or a term that refers to the name of their village as Urang Cibeo (gärna, 1993)

Areas

Kanekes territory is geographically located at coordinates 6 ° 27'27 "- 6 ° 30'0" latitude and 108 ° 3'9 "- 106 ° 4'55" E (Permana, 2001). They live right on the foot of the mountains Kendeng Kanekes village, District Leuwidamar,-Rangkasbitung Lebak, Banten, is about 40 km from the city Rangkasbitung. The area is part of Kendeng Mountains with an altitude of 300-600 m above sea level (DPL) has the hilly and undulating topography with an average slope reaches 45%, which is a volcanic soil (in the north), soil sediment (in the middle), and soil mixture (in the south). average temperature of 20 ° C. Three main village is the Kanekes In Cikeusik , Cikertawana , and Cibeo .

Saturday, October 20, 2012

Batak Is One Of The Ethnic Groups In Indonesia



Batak is one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia . This name is a collective theme to identify some tribes who live and come from Tapanuli and East Sumatra , in North Sumatra . Ethnic Batak are categorized as: Batak Toba , Karo Batak , Batak Pakpak , Simalungun Batak , Batak Angkola , and Batak Mandailing .
Nowadays most people embrace Batak religion of Sunni Islam and Protestant Christianity . But some are embracing the belief tadisional: tradition Malim and also adhere to the belief of animism (called Sipelebegu or Parbegu), although now the number of the adherents of these teachings waned.
History
Batak people are speakers of Austronesian languages ​​, but it is unknown when the Batak ancestors first settled in Tapanuli and East Sumatra. Language and archaeological evidence suggests that the Austronesian-speaking people of Taiwan have moved to the area the Philippines and Indonesia about 2,500 years ago, the young in the stone age ( Neolithic ). Because until now there has been no artifacts Neolithic (Stone Age Younger) were found in the Batak it can be presumed that the new Batak ancestors migrated to North Sumatra in the age of metal. In the 6th century, the merchants of Tamil origin India set up a trading town Barus , on the west coast of North Sumatra. They trade Barus chalk cultivated by farmers in the interior. Kapur Barus of Batak lands of high quality so that it becomes one of the leading export in addition to incense. In the 10th century, Barus attacked by Sriwijaya . This led to the expulsion of Tamil traders from the coast of Sumatra. In subsequent periods, Barus chalk trading began much controlled by the Minangkabau traders who established a colony on the west coast and east of North Sumatra. Their colonies stretching from Barus, Sorkam , up Christmas. Batak is one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia. This name is a collective theme to identify some tribes who live and come from Tapanuli and East Sumatra, North Sumatra. Ethnic groups are categorized as Batak: Toba Batak, Batak Karo Batak Pakpak, Simalungun Batak, Batak Angkola, and Batak Mandailing.
The majority of the Batak be Christians and the rest Muslims. But there is also a religion Malim and also embracing animist beliefs (called Sipelebegu or Parbegu), although now the number of the adherents of these teachings waned.

Identity Batak

RW Liddle said that prior to the 20th century in northern Sumatra there are no ethnic group as a coherent social unit. According to the 19th century, the social interaction in the area is limited to the relationship between individuals, between groups of kin, or between villages. And almost no consciousness to be part of the social units and greater political. Another opinion suggests that the emergence of an awareness of a Batak family just happened in colonial times. In his dissertation J. Pardede argued that the term "Batak Land" and "people of Batak" was created by outsiders. Instead, Siti Omas Manurung , the wife of the son of Toba Batak priest said that before the arrival of the Dutch, all good people Karo and Simalungun recognize him as Batak, and Belandalah which has made ​​the separation of the groups. A myth that has various versions state that Pusuk Buhit , one of the peaks in the west of Lake Toba , was the "birthplace" Batak people. Besides these myths also state that the Batak ancestors came from Samosir .
The formation of Batak society composed of various clans, partly due to the migration of families from other parts of Sumatra. Important research conducted by Karo tradition JH Neumann , based on transcriptions of oral literature and two local script, which Kembaren Library and Library Ginting . According Kembaren Library, the origin of the clan Kembaren Pagaruyung in Minangkabau. Tamil people are also expected to be blocks of Karo society. This is evident from the number of Karo surnames derived from Tamil language . Tamil people are a trader on the west coast, fled inland Minangkabau of Sumatra in the attack, troops coming in the 14th century to master Barus.

The spread of religion

The districts in North Sumatra, colored, has a majority population of Batak.

The entry of Islam

During his visit in 1292, Marco Polo reported that the Batak people as those "wild" and are never affected by religions outside. Although Ibn Battuta , visited North Sumatra in 1345 and Islamize Sultan Al-Malik Al-Dhahir , Batak people have never known before Islam spread by the Minangkabau traders. Along with the business trading, many traders who do marry Minangkabau-mawin Batak women. It has gradually Increasing Muslims in Batak society. In the Padri War at the beginning of the 19th century, the land forces attacked the Batak and Minangkabau do pengislaman massively over the Mandailing and Angkola. But Padri attack on Toba region, not to Islamize society, which they eventually embraced Protestant Christianity . the kingdom of Aceh in the north, also did much to Islamize society and Pakpak Karo. While Simalungun many of the people affected by the Malay Muslims in East Sumatra coast

Christian Missionaries

See also: History of the entry of Christianity to the Batak
In 1824, two Baptist missionaries native England , Richard Burton and Nathaniel Ward walk from Sibolga Batak headed inland. After three days of walking, they reached the plateau Silindung and settle for two weeks in the interior. From this exploration, they make observations and direct observation of Batak society. In 1834, this activity was followed by Henry Lyman and Samuel Munson from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
In 1850, the Board of the Dutch missionaries commissioned Neubronner Herman van der Tuuk to publish grammar books and dictionaries Batak language - Dutch. It aims to facilitate the Christian missions Dutch and German speaking with the Toba and Simalungun pengkristenan targeted them.
The first missionaries of origin Germany arrived in the valley around Lake Toba in 1861, and a mission pengkristenan run in 1881 by Dr. Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen . New Testament for the first time translated into Toba Batak language by Nommensen in 1869 and completed the translation of the Old Testament by PH Johannsen in 1891. Text translation was printed in Latin letters in Medan in 1893. According HO Voorma , this translation is not easy to read, a bit stiff, and sounded strange in Batak language.
Toba and Karo communities partly absorb Christianity quickly, and at the beginning of the 20th century has made ​​Christianity the cultural identity. During a period of the rise of colonialism the Dutch East Indies , where many of the Batak are no longer fought with the colonial administration. Guerrilla resistance by Toba Batak people ended in 1907, after their charismatic leader, Sisingamangaraja XII died.

Church HKBP

Church Protestant Batak Christians (HKBP) has been established in Balige in September 1917. In the late 1920's, a school nurse provides care training to midwives there. Later in 1941, Karo Batak Protestant Church (GBKP) was established.
Confidence
A Batak calendar made of bone, from the 20th century. Owned by Children's Museum of Indianapolis.
Before the Batak Toba embraced Protestant Christianity , they have a belief system and religion of Mulajadi Nabolon who have power over the sky and the radiance of His power manifested in Debata Natolu .
Concerning the soul and the spirit, the Batak Toba identify three concepts, namely:
  • Tondi: is the soul or spirit of a person who is a force, therefore Tondi gives life to man. Tondi in the can since someone in the kandungan.Bila Tondi left the body a person, then that person will get sick or die, then held a ceremony mangalap (pick) sombaon Tondi from the captors.
  • Sahala: is the soul or spirit of one's own power. Everybody has Tondi, but not everyone has Sahala. Sahala with Sumanta, luck or magic that of the king or the hula-hula.
  • Begu: is Tondi people have died, the same behavior with human behavior, just turn up on the night.
Thus religion and beliefs contained in the Batak tribe pustaha. Although it has embraced Christianity and educated, but the Batak do not want to leave religion and beliefs that have been ingrained in their consciousness.

Greetings Typical Batak

Each tribe has Batak greeting each signature. Although the Batak tribe famous for greeting Horasnya, but there are still two more greetings less popular in the community and Njuah Mejuah Juah Juah. Horas itself still has a reference to each tribe by the use
1. Pakpak "Njuah-Mo Juah Banta Karina!"
2. Karo "Mejuah-Juah We Krina!"
3. Toba "Horas Jala Ma On Hita Saluhutna Gabe!"
4. Simalungun "Horas banta Haganupan, Salam Habonaran Do Bona!"
5. Mandailing and Angkola "Horas Tondi G Tondi Matogu Madingin Pears, Vegetables Matua Bulung!"

Kinship

Kinship is related to the legal relationship between people in social life. There are two forms of kinship to the Batak tribe, which is based on lineage (genealogy) and based on sociological, while no territorial kinship.
Forms of kinship based on lineage (genealogy) is visible from genealogy surname ranging from Si Raja Batak , Batak tribes which all have a clan . While kinship based on sociological occur through agreement (match between a particular clan) or by marriage. In Batak traditions, the unity is the bond of blood in Indigenous clans, and clan. This means for example Harahap, unity is customary Marga Marga Harahap vs another. Given that Indigenous Batak / Batak traditions are dynamic which is often tailored to the time and place influence the differences between the traditional style of the area.
The existence of philosophy in the parable of the Toba Batak language that reads: Jonok dongan partubu jonokan do dongan parhundul. is a philosophy that we always maintain good relations with its neighbors, because they're the closest friends. However, in the implementation of custom, the first look is a one clan, although basically neighbors should not be overlooked in the implementation of Indigenous Peoples.
Philosophy and the social system
Batak people have a philosophy, the principle as well as in terms of social structures and systems that are in the Toba Batak language called Dalihan na Tolu . Here mention Dalihan Natolu by six Batak tribe
1. Dalihan Tolu (Toba) • Somba Marhula hula-Manat Mardongan • Body • Elek Marboru
2. Dalian Na Tolu (Mandailing and Angkola) • Respect Marmora • • Elek Maranak Markahanggi Manat Boru
3. Tolu Sahundulan (Simalungun) • Martondong Ningon Sincerely, Sombah • Marsanina Ningon Pakkei, Manat • Marboru Ningon Elek, Pakkei
4. Rakut sitelu (Karo) • Nembah Man Man Mehamat Sembuyak Kalimbubu • • Nami-nami Man Child Beru
5. Daliken sitelu (Pakpak) • Worship Merkula Manat Merdengan-kula • Body • Elek Marberru
  • Hulahula / Mora is the family of the wife. Hula's most respected positions in the association and customs Batak (all sub-tribe of Batak) so everyone should respect the Batak dipesankan Hulahula (Somba marhula-hula).
  • Dongan Tubu / Hahanggi called Dongan Sabutuha is the brother of one clan. Its literal meaning is born from the same stomach. They are like trees that are close together, support each other, so close though because sometimes mutual friction. However, the conflict did not make the connection of the clan can be separated. Rather like water that cut with a knife, although the split but remain united. However, to everyone Batak (Batak culture) dipesankan be wise to you semarga. Termed, tubu mardongan manat.
  • Boru / Child Boru is the family that takes the wife of a clan (other families). Boru occupies the lowest position as 'parhobas' or servant, whether in daily life or (especially) in any ceremonies. But while working as a waitress is not meant to be treated with impunity. Rather boru party should take heart, persuaded, termed: Elek marboru.
But that does not mean there is caste in Batak kinship system. Dalihan kinship systems na Tolu is contextual. According to the context, all the Batak people definitely been a Hulahula, as well as the Dongan Tubu, as well as Boru. So everyone had to put in a contextual position.
Thus, in order of kinship, everyone should behave Batak 'king'. Raja Batak kinship in the order does not mean the people in power, but the people who behaved in accordance with good manners in Batak kinship system. So in any conversation is always custom called ni Hulahula King, King and King no Dongan Tubu ni Boru.

Ritual cannibalism

Ritual cannibalism has been well documented among Batak, which aims to strengthen Tondi eating it. In particular, blood, heart, palms, and soles of the feet are considered as rich Tondi.
In a memoir Marco Polo who had come east Sumatra dipesisir expedition from April to September 1292, he mentioned that he met with people who will tell the inland masyarakyat referred to as "man-eaters". From the secondary sources, Marco Polo record the stories of ritual cannibalism among the "Battas". Although Marco Polo only live in coastal areas, and never go directly into the interior to verify the story, but he can tell you the ritual.
Niccolò Da Conti (1395-1469), a Venetian who spent most of 1421 in Sumatra, long journey for trade missions in Southeast Asia (1414-1439), chronicles the life of the community. He wrote a brief description of the Batak: "In this part of the island, called cannibals living Batech fight constantly to their neighbors'.
Thomas Stamford Raffles in 1820 studying the Batak and their rituals, and laws regarding the consumption of human flesh, writing in detail about the infringement is justified. Raffles stated that: "One thing that is common where people eat their parents when too old to work, and for certain crimes a criminal would be eaten alive ".. "The flesh eaten raw or roasted, with lime, salt and a bit of rice".
The German physician and geographer Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn, visited the Batak lands in 1840-1841. Junghuhn say about ritual cannibalism among the Batak (which he called "Battaer"). Junghuhn told how dangerous and hungry after the flight, he arrived at a friendly village. The food offered by his host is the meat of the two prisoners who had been killed the day before. [22] However, this can sometimes be exaggerated in order to scare people / parties intend to colonize and / or occasionally in order to get a better paid job as a handyman shoulder for merchants as well as mercenaries for the coastal tribes were plagued by pirates.
Oscar von Kessel visited Silindung in the 1840s, and in 1844 probably the first Europeans to observe Batak ritual cannibalism in which a convicted adulteress and eaten alive. Interestingly, there is a parallel description of Marsden for some important, von Kessel states that cannibalism is regarded by the Batak people as an act of law, and its application is restricted to a very narrow violation of the theft, adultery, espionage, or treason. Salt, red pepper, and lemon should be given by the victim's family as a sign that they accept the decision of the people and not think about revenge.
Ida Pfeiffer visited the Batak in August 1852, and although he did not observe any cannibalism, he was told that: "Prisoners of war was tied to a tree and beheaded at once, but the blood is carefully preserved for a drink, and sometimes made ​​into a sort of pudding with rice. bodies are then distributed; ear, nose, and feet are the exclusive property of the king, in addition to a claim for some others. palms of the hands, feet, head meat, heart, and liver, is a typical dish. meat usually roasted and eaten with salt. The women were not allowed to take part in a great public dinner ".
In 1890, the Dutch colonial government banned cannibalism in the area of their control. Rumors of Batak cannibalism survived until the beginning of the 20th century, and it seems likely that the custom has been rarely performed since 1816. This is due to the influence of religion in society Batak migrants.
Tarombo
Lineage or Tarombo is something that is very important for the Batak. For those who do not know the lineage will be considered as stray Batak (nalilu). Batak people are required to know at least the lineage ancestors lowered his clan and friends semarganya (dongan tubu). It is necessary to know the location kekerabatannya (partuturanna) in a clan or a clan

Controversy

Some people Karo , Angkola , and Mandailing not call themselves as part of the Batak tribe. The discourse that emerged due to the general category of "Batak" looked down upon by other nations. In addition, religious differences also cause some people do not want to be called as Tapanuli Batak. On the northeast coast of Sumatra, particularly in the city of Medan , this split is very pronounced. Especially in the selection of political leaders and the seizure of economic resources. Another source states Batak word is derived from the plan the Governor General Raffles made ethnic Christians who are between the Sultanate and the Kingdom of the Islamic Minangkabau, Barus Inland region, called Batak. Generalization said the ethnic Batak Mandailing (Angkola) and Karo, generally can not be accepted by the descendants of the original area. Similarly, in Angkola, that there are many Muslim refugees from the area around Lake Toba and Samosir, due to the implementation of manufacturing Afdeeling Bataklanden by the Dutch government, which banned the Muslim population living in the region.
The greatest conflict is conflict between the northern part of the southern Tapanuli Tapanuli, Batak and Mandailing identity. The northern part of the identity of Batak demand for the majority of the population Tapanuli, even in the outer regions. While the southern part of the identity of Batak refused, relying on the elements of the culture and resources of the West. Rejection Mandailing community who do not want to be called as part of the ethnic Batak, had surfaced in the case of Syarikat Tapanuli (1919-1922), Dead River Cemetery Case (1922), and the establishment of Provincial Tapanuli Cases (2008-2009). In the census of 1930 and 2000, the government classifies Simalungun, Karo, Toba, Mandailing, Pakpak and Angkola as ethnic Batak.




Asmat Is The Name Of A Tribe In Papua



Asmat is the name of a tribe of the largest and most famous among the many tribes in Papua , Irian Jaya, Indonesia. One of the things that made ​​the Asmat tribe well known is the result of traditional wood carving is very typical . Some ornaments / motifs that are often used, and the main theme in the process of sculpting a statue made by the Asmat tribe is the theme of the ancestors of their tribe, commonly called mbis. But do not stop there, often also found ornaments / other motif that resembles a boat or wuramon, which they believe to be a symbol of the boat that brought the spirit of their ancestors in the underworld. For the Asmat tribe of natives, wood carving rather a manifestation of the way they perform rituals to commemorate the souls of the ancestors.
Asmat tribe spread out and inhabit the sea around the coast and the mountains Arafuru Jayawijaya, with a fairly heavy considering the terrain occupied area is wilderness , in the life of the Asmat, a stone that we usually see on the streets was very valuable to them. In fact, the stones can be used as a dowry. All of that is because the places that set up a live Asmat swamps making it very difficult to find stones street which is very useful for them to make axes, hammers, and so on.
Asmat population in general have distinctive physical characteristics, black and curly-haired. Her body is quite high. The average height of the Asmat women around 162cm and height 172cm men reach.

Friday, October 19, 2012

Ethnic Lampung



Ethnic Lampung which is called Pita Lampung [The Lampung] is traditionally geographically tribe that occupies the entire province of Lampung and most provinces of South Sumatra southern and central regions occupy Martapura, Muaradua in Komering Ulu, Wood Court, Cape King Komering Ilir, Merpas to the south of Bengkulu and Cikoneng on the west coast of Banten .
Origin of
The origin Ulun Lampung Lampung is closely related to its own terms. Lampung word itself comes from the word "factoring stomach" meaning derived from this height as the nation puyang Lampung first settled Sekala Brak occupy upland slopes of Mount Pesagi. As I Tsing who visited Sekala Brak after the visit of Srivijaya and he called for the occupants to-Langpohwang this State. In the Hokkien language, a dialect spoken by I-Tsing To Langpohwang means the top and as we know Pesagi and Sekala brak plateau is the highest peak ground Lampung.

Wednesday, October 17, 2012

Kubu Tribe or Children In The Wilderness



Kubu tribe or also known as Tribes or Children In The Wilderness is one of the ethnic minorities living on the island of Sumatra , precisely in the province of Jambi and South Sumatra . They are the majority living in the province of Jambi, with an estimated population of approximately 200,000 people.
According to the oral tradition of tribal child in a man Maalau Heresy, who m run to the jungle around the Black Water, Twelve Hills National Park . They then called Ancestors Segayo. Another tradition says they came from Pagaruyung , who fled to Jambi. It reinforced the fact indigenous tribes Child have a common language and customs with Minangkabau tribe , such as the system of matrilineal .
Broadly speaking in Jambi they live in three different ecological regions, the People faction in the north province of Jambi (surrounding Hill National Park 30), Park Hill 12, and the southern province of Jambi (all the way across Sumatra ). They live a nomadic and basing his life on hunting and gathering, although many of them now have rubber and other agricultural land.
Their life is very tragic loss of resources due to forest that is in Jambi and South Sumatra, and the processes of marginalization by the government and dominant ethnic groups (The Malay ) in Jambi and South Sumatra.

Alas Tribe. One Tribe Aceh Southeast



Alas tribe is one of the tribe who settled in the district of Aceh Tenggara , Province of Aceh (also commonly known as the Land Alas). The word "pad" in the language Alas means "mat". It has something to do with the state of the region that stretches flat as a mat on the sidelines of the Bukit Barisan . Alas Land area where many rivers, one of which is Lawe Alas (Alas River).
Alas most of the tribes living in the countryside and living from agriculture and livestock. Alas Land is a granary of rice to Aceh. But apart from that they are also gardening rubber, coffee, and hazelnut, as well as finding various forest products, such as wood, rattan, resin and incense. While they ternakkan animals are horses, goats, buffalo, and cattle.
Alas the kampung or village called kute. One kute usually occupied by one or several clans, called merge. Members of the merge comes from a common ancestor. The pattern of their family life is togetherness and unity. They drew a line of patrilineal descent, meaning that male lineage. They also embrace traditional exogamy merge, meaning that mate to look at another merge.
Spare pads 100% is the religion of Islam . But there are still some that believe such shamanic practices in agriculture. They perform rituals with a certain background belief that they bring good results farms or protected from pests.

Tuesday, October 16, 2012

Singkil Tribe From Aceh



Singkil tribe is a tribe located in the district of Aceh Singkil land and Subulussalam city in the province of Aceh
  • Singkil tribe is a tribe located in the district and the city Singkil Subulussalam land in the province. In general, the population can be divided into 2 Singkil the Ethnic Ethnic Ethnic Singkil and Coastal. Both of these tribes into tribes that have shaped the region Singkil since hundreds of years ago. It also found also other ethnic minorities who entered later.
Singkil ethnic or so-called tribal customs and culture Singkil have a close interest Pakpak in North Sumatra province . Similarly, the regional language that is relatively similar. Experts ethnology and linguistics expert stated that the tribe is part of the tribe Singkil Pakpak, in this case Pakpak Boang. The use of the tribal clan has many similarities with in Pakpak, although there are some that are different. Even so, people Singkil prefer to call themselves as Tribal Singkil. Until now standing interest Singkil still debated, is included in interest Pakpak inlet Boang or stand as a separate tribe separate from the tribe Pakpak.
Coastal Ethnic generally live in coastal areas and cities in the area Singkil. By custom, culture, and their language is very different from the ethnic Singkil inland. They use traditional and coastal Minang culture commonly found along the western coast of Sumatra.

Jamee Aneuk tribe



Jamee Aneuk tribe is a tribe scattered along the western and southern coast of Aceh ranging from Singkil , South Aceh , West Aceh and Simeulue . Spare Aneuk Jamee is Minangkabau people migrated to Aceh and Aceh have been mixed with the tribe, Kluet, Singkil and Devayan. In terms of language, language Aneuk Jamee is still considered one of the Minangkabau dialect of the language that has been mixed with local languages.


Monday, October 15, 2012

Gayo Tribe

SPARE GAYO is a tribe that inhabited the Gayo highlands . Gayo tribe in majority districts are in Central Aceh (25%), highlands (25%), Gayo Lues (25%) of Southeast Aceh (15%), East Aceh (5%), Aceh Tamiang (3%), in the Outer Aceh (2%). Gayo tribe religion of Islam and they were known devout in his religion. Gayo tribe uses a language called Gayo language. History Kingdom of Linga or Linge (Gayo language) on the ground Gayo, according to M. Djamil Jonah in his book "White Elephant" issued by the Institute of Culture Atjeh in 1959, Kutaraja, said that around the 11th century (Penahunan is probably very relative because Lamuri kingdom existed before this century, a more precise penahunan Centuries to 2-9 M), the Kingdom of Linga established by the Gayo people in the era of Sultan Mahmud Shah Machudum Johan Sovereign of the Kingdom Perlak. This information is known from the testimony of his son Raja Raja Uyem and Ranta, King Cik Bebesan and of Zainuddin, from Bukit Kejurun kings who have ruled both as king in the Dutch colonial era. Linga Raja I, mentioned having 4 children. The oldest woman named professor or Datu Beru Beru, others sebayak Linga (Ali Shah), Meurah Johan (Djohan Shah) and Meurah Linga (Malamsyah). Sebayak Linga then migrate to the land of Karo and open country where he is known as the King of Linga Sibayak. Meurah Johan wanders into Aceh Besar and establish his kingdom called Lamkrak or Oeii Lam, known as the Sultanate Lamoeri and Lamuri or Lamuri or Lambri. This means that over the sultanate Lamuri founded by Johan Meurah while Meurah Linga lived in Linge , Gayo , who later became king Linge down termurun. Meurah Silu Pasai migrate to the area and become a civil power in Pasai Sultanate. Power is the sultanate Sultanate led by Shiite Persians and Arabs. Meurah Mege himself buried on the Slopes Keramil Wihni Rayang Paluh in the Linge , Central Aceh . Until now still preserved and respected by the people. The cause of migration is unknown. However, according to the story is told that the king favored his youngest Linga Meurah Mege. Thus making the other children prefer to wander.

Overview of Aceh



 Aceh who first called Aceh Darussalam ( 1511 - 1959 ) once referred to hereinafter as the Special Region ( 1959 - 2001 ) and Aceh ( 2001 - 2009 ) and became the province of Aceh( 2009 - present ) is a province of the western Indonesia . Aceh has set up its own autonomy, in contrast to most other provinces in Indonesia, for reasons of history .  The area is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the north, the Indian Ocean to the west, the Strait of Malacca in the east, and North Sumatra in southeast and south.
Aceh is the capital of Banda Aceh . Ports is Malahayati-Krueng Ulee Lheue, Sabang , Lhokseumawe and Langsa . Aceh was the region worst hit by the earthquake and tsunami December 26, 2004 . Some places on the coast completely destroyed. The hardest was Banda Aceh , Aceh Besar , AcehJaya , West Aceh , Singkil and Simeulue .
Aceh has a wealth of natural resources such as petroleum and natural gas . Natural resources it is located in North Aceh and East Aceh . Aceh is also famous for its forest resources, which lies along the line of the Bukit Barisan , from Kutacane , Southeast Aceh , Seulawah , Aceh Besar , until Ulu Masen in Aceh Jaya . A national park, the Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) are also found in Southeast Aceh .

Ethnic groups in Indonesia



There are more than 300 different ethnic groups or ethnic groups in Indonesia. The Javanese are the largest ethnic group in Indonesia with 41% of the total population. The Javanese mostly gathered in the island of Java, but millions of people have transmigrated and dispersed to various islands in the archipelago even migrate like to Malaysia and Suriname. Spare Sundanese, ethnic Malays, and Madurese Tribe is the next largest group in the country this. Many remote tribes, especially in Kalimantan and Papua, have had only a small population of hundreds of people. Most of the local languages ​​in the family group Austronesian languages​​, though a large number of tribes in Papua belonging to the Papuan or Melanesian language family. Based on data from Census 2000, the ethnic Chinese Indonesia amounted to approximately 1% of the total population. Indonesia's ethnic Chinese residents speak various Chinese dialects, most language Hokkien and Hakka .
The division of ethnic groups in Indonesia was not absolute and it is not clear due to migration, the mixing of cultures, and mutual influence, as an example of some people argue Banten and Cirebon is a separate tribe with a particular dialect as well, while the side while others argue that they are simply sub-Javanese ethnic tribe as a whole. Similarly Bedouin tribe that while the parties consider them as part of a whole tribe Sunda . Another example is the mixing of ethnic Betawi tribe which is a result ethnic mixing various tribes of the archipelago and the settlers both the Chinese and the Arabs who came to live in Batavia in the colonial era.