tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36781553073400575582024-03-04T23:00:38.259-08:00Indonesian tribeAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-38183784247183854762012-10-22T23:09:00.004-07:002012-10-22T23:09:42.143-07:00Banjar Tribe From Province of South Kalimantan <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://pic70.picturetrail.com/VOL1802/10971155/19505720/313741009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://pic70.picturetrail.com/VOL1802/10971155/19505720/313741009.jpg" width="320" /></a><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Banjar tribe</span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ( Banjar
language : <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Urang Banjar / اورڠ بنجر)</span>
or <b>Oloh Still</b> is ethnic or ethnoreligious Muslims who occupy most of the
province of South Kalimantan , and since the 17th century began occupies most
of Central Kalimantan and part of East Kalimantan , especially the plains and
the lower reaches of the watershed (DAS) in the region. The interest Banjar
Banjar sometimes also called Malay, but the naming of the rare is used. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ethnic groups from the Banjar Banjar
area of the watershed that is a blend Bahau (correction: Material DAS / DAS
State), Das Barito, DAS and the DAS Tabanio Martapura. of the Barito River
downstream of central interest is the Banjar. The emergence of Banjar tribe not
only as a concept but also the concept of ethnic political, sociological, and
religious. In linguistic, ethnic Banjar language used is a combination of language
families Malayic and Barito Kingdom . </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Since the 19th century, Banjar tribe
began migrating to many parts of the Malay Archipelago and established
residential enclaves there. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<h2 style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">History</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></h2>
<div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span>In linguistic Banjar tribe allied with Kendayan Dayak
(Dayak dialect: Kanayatn), Dayak Iban and Malay Local (including Dayak Meratus)
which Malayic language family .</span> <span>Mythology Dayak tribe Meratus (Bukit Dayak) states that
the tribe Banjar (especially Banjar Pahuluan) and hill tribe descended from two
brothers, namely Si Ayuh (Sandayuhan) a lower interest Bambang Basiwara Hill
and the lower interest Banjar.</span> <span>In the realm of narrative prose folk legends speak Dayak
Meratus found in nature to admit or even legalize keserumpunan genetics (both
geneologis are related to each other) between the Banjar with Meratus Dayak
people.</span> <span>In the
prose tale folk Meratus Dayak language is revealed that the ancestors of the
Banjar named Bambang Basiwara is the younger brother of the Dayak ancestors
Meratus named Sandayuhan.</span> <span>Bambang Basiwara sister berfisik described as weak but
smart brains.</span> <span>While
Sandayuhan brother described as a strong berfisik bruiser.</span> <span>In keeping with its status as
the ancestors or the forerunner of the Dayak Maratus, hence the name Sandayuhan
very popular among the Dayak Meratus.</span> <span>There are so many places around the mountains Meratus
the historical existence of the origin recounted heroic action Sandayuhan.</span>
<span>One of them is the
seven-headed rock cliff, supposedly the embodiment of Samali'ing, the
seven-headed demon who successfully defeated in a physical contact is crucial.
The Banjar is a Dayak descent who had converted to Islam and then adopted the
culture of Java, Malay, Bugis and China. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>According to Denys Lombard, in ancient times most of the
population of South Kalimantan (especially the Batang Banyu) are the
descendants of immigrants from Java. Another opinion states, Banjar tribe
traces its roots from Sumatra over 1500 years ago.<sup>]</sup> Djoko Pramono
states that comes from the Banjar tribe tribe Sea People who settled in South
Kalimantan. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Ethnic groups Banjar allegedly originated from the
population from Sumatra or the surrounding areas, who built the country 's new Land
Banjar (now the province of South Kalimantan) about more than a thousand years
ago.</span> <span>Having
passed a long time to finally, after mixing with the population-more original,
are sometimes referred to as a tribe Dayak , and the immigrants who came
later-formed at least three subsuku, namely <b>(Banjar) Pahuluan, (Banjar)
Trunk Banyu,</b> and <b>Banjar (Kuala).</b></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Pahuluan Banjar area residents in principle adalalah
river valleys (branch rivers State) are tipped to Meratus mountains .</span> <span>Trunk Banjar valley Banyu
inhabit rivers state , while the Banjar Kuala inhabit around Banjarmasin and Martapura
.</span> <span>They developed
language called Banjar language , which in principle is the language of the
Malay Sumatra or surroundings, in which there is a lot of vocabulary native Dayak
and Javanese .</span> <span><b>Banjar</b>
name because they were first acquired (before the Banjar empire was abolished
in 1860 ) are citizens of the Sultanate of Banjarmasin or abbreviated <b>Banjar,</b>
according to the name of the founding of its capital.</span> <span>When the capital was moved
inland (last Martapura ), the name appears to have changed or no longer
standard.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Since the 19th century, Banjar tribe migrated to the
east coast of Sumatra and Malaysia , but in West Malaysia, the tribe Banjar
classified into ethnic Malays, just in Tawau ( Sabah , East Malaysia) who still
call diriya Banjar tribe.</span> <span>In Singapore , Banjar tribe had melted into Malay.</span>
<span>Census 1930 , shows the
number of terms Banjar outside South Kalimantan, but the 2000 census visible
number has decreased.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Sultanate of Banjar before covering the province of South
Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan as today, then in the 16th century in the
west divided into kingdoms Kotawaringin led by Prince Sultan bin Dipati Anta
Kasuma Mustain Billah and in the 17th century on the east into the kingdom of
the Land Seasoning led Prince Sultan bin Dipati Tuha Saidullah which evolved
into several areas: Sabamban , Pegatan , Koensan , Poelau Laoet , Batoe Litjin
, Cangtoeng , Bangkalaan , Sampanahan , Manoenggoel , and Tjingal .</span> <span>Central Kalimantan and East
Kalimantan is the primary shoreline land, next to the culture <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">maadam,</span> Banjar migrate to the outer
islands such as the Sulu Archipelago in fact be one of the five ethnic groups
forming Spare Suluk (mixing the Buranun / Dayak Buranun, the Tagimaha, the
Baklaya, the Dampuan / Champa and Banjar). The relationship between Banjar the
Sulu Archipelago / Banjar Kulan intertwined when a daughter of the King of
Banjar marry Buranun tribal authorities.</span> <span>One ethnic group that avoids Suluk colonial Spain and
fled to the Sultanate of Banjar is the ancestor of Sheikh Muhammad Al-Banjari
Arsyad.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Banjar Pahuluan</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></h3>
<div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Quite possibly one embraces Islam
already exists around the palace which was built in Banjarmasin , but mass
pengislaman allegedly occurred after the royal prince who later inducted into
the ocean Suriansyah Sultan , followed by citizens of his relatives to Islam,
namely <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">bubuhan kings.</span> <span>Behavior king followed the
capital's elite, each would find more genuine people, namely Bukit Dayak tribe
, who once expected to inhabit the river valleys of the same.</span> <span>Having regard to language
development, Bukit Dayak tribe is the origin of the embryo of interest Banjar,
which both come from Sumatra or the surrounding areas, but they first settled.</span>
<span>Both the Malay
community was indeed living next door, but at least at the beginning, in
principle do not blend.</span> <span>So, even though the tribe Banjar (Pahuluan) establishing
settlements in a place, which may not be too far away from Bukit Dayak tribe <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">hall,</span> but each one is a stand-alone
group.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>For the sake of security , or because there are ties of
kinship, tribe Banjar precursor form separate residential complexes.</span> <span>The complex tribe settlements
embryo Banjar (Pahuluan) the first is a residential complex <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">bubuhan</span> , which at first consisted of
an authoritative figure as the head, and the citizens of her relatives, and
perhaps coupled with family -another family to join him.</span> <span>Models are the same or nearly
the same is also available on the community <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">hall</span> in Bukit Dayak society, which in principle is still valid
today.</span> <span>Lowland
rivers that disgorge mountains Meratus seems territory first settlement Banjar
society, and the concentration of the population in this area that much since
ancient times, and this area is called <b>Pahuluan.</b></span> <span>What is presented above
illustrate the formation of the (Banjar) Pahuluan, which is of course the
possibility of the existence of a Dayak Bukit take shape. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Banjar Batang
Banyu</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></h3>
<div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Society (Banjar) formed Banyu
Trunk allegedly closely associated with the formation of central authority
covering the whole area of Banjar, which probably formed early in the first
upstream river State or its subsidiaries namely Tabalong river . <span>For residents who live in the
capital is certainly a matter of pride, so it becomes a separate population
groups. Region Tabalong riverside residence is a traditional Dayak tribe
Maanyan (and Lawangan ), thus allegedly participated many forms subsuku Banyu
Batang, in addition to course only people <b>Pahuluan</b> origin who moved
there and the migrants who come from outside.</span> <span>When in Pahuluan most people
live from farming (subsistence), then many of the Batang Banyu eyed quest as merchants
and craftsmen.</span></div>
<h3 style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Banjar Kuala</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></h3>
<div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
When the center of the kingdom
moved to Banjarmasin (the establishment of the Sultanate of Banjarmasin ), some
residents Trunk Banyu (brought) to move to the new centers of power and
together with the population around a pre-existing palace, forming subsuku
Banjar. <span>In this
area they encounter Ngaju Dayak tribe , who, like the people and the Dayak
Dayak Bukit Maanyan or Lawangan , many of them were eventually merged into the
Banjar, after they converted to Islam .</span> <span>Those who live around the capital of the empire is
actually called or calling themselves <b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">the
Banjar,</span></b> while the community and society stems Banyu Pahuluan used to
call him as (the origin of) the ancient cities of the leading first.</span> <span>But when they are outside the
country Banjar , they invariably claim to be Banjar.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Contrary to the opinion of David Alfani , which states
that the core is the Banjar tribe migrants Malays of Sumatra and surrounding
areas, the idea was more Idwar Saleh stressed that indigenous Dayak tribes are
core Banjar tribe which then mixed to form a political unity as nation
Indonesia has with Indonesian him.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>So we get a continuation of the fourth kingdom of Daha
kingdom in the form of the kingdom of Banjar Islam and tribal berpadunya Ngaju,
Maanyan and Hill as the core.</span> <span>This is the Banjarmasih when founded in 1526.</span> <span>In amalgamation (mixed)
recently has mixed elements of Malay , Javanese , Ngaju, Maanyan, Hill and
other small tribes bound by the religion of Islam , speak Banjar Banjar and
customs by the diffusion of the culture in the palace .</span> <span>Here we have no interest
Banjar, since there is no ethnic unity, there is a group or a large group is a
group of Kuala Banjar, Banjar Trunk group Banyu and Banjar Pahuluan.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>The first lived in the area until the local Banjar Kuala
Martapura .</span> <span>The
second live along the river Tabalong from its mouth in the Barito river to sk .</span>
<span>The third stay at the
foot of the mountains Meratus from the Cape to Pelaihari .</span> <span>The group comes from the
Banjar Kuala Ngaju-ethnic unity, the Banyu Rod from Banjar-ethnic unity Maanyan
, the Banjar Pahuluan from Bukit ethnic unity.</span> <span>This is the third point.</span>
<span>They consider more
civilized and who is not a criterion to Banjar, the group Kaharingan , with
ridicule Hamlet , the Biaju , Hill and others.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>When ocean prince founded the kingdom of Banjar, he was
assisted by the Ngaju, assisted duke-patihnya like Patih Belandean, Patih
Billiton, Patih Kuwi etc. and people Bakumpai defeated.</span> <span>Similarly, residents of Daha
who lost most of the hill and Maanyan.</span> <span>The group was given a new religion, namely Islam, then
take an oath of allegiance to the king, and as a sign of loyalty to wear native
language new and leave the old mother tongue.</span> <span>So it's not Banjar ethnic
unity but of political unity, such as the Indonesian nation.</span></div>
<h3 style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Socio-historical</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></h3>
<div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span>In the socio-historical Banjar society is socially
heterogeneous groups are configured from various nationalities and races for
hundreds of years has forged a life together, so that later formed the ethnic
identity (ethnic) Banjar.</span> <span>That is, it is a heterogeneous social group formed
through a process that is not completely natural (priomordial), but is also
influenced by other factors that are quite complex.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Islam has become the hallmark of Banjar society
centuries ago.</span> <span>Islam
also has become their identity, which distinguishes it from Dayak groups around
it, which generally adheres to religious tribe.</span> <span>Islam is a matter of pride,
at least first, so that converts among the Dayak said to be
"babarasih" (cleaned up) in addition to the Banjar. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Banjar society is not a present for granted, but it is a
social historical construction of a group of people who want a separate
community from the community on the island of Borneo.</span> <span>Ethnic Banjar is a form of
meeting various ethnic groups that have diverse origins that results from a
process of social communities in this area with a point of departure in the
Islamization process undertaken by Demak as a condition for the establishment
of the Sultanate of Banjar . before the establishment of the Sultanate of <b>Banjar</b>
Banjar Islam can not yet be said as a unity of ethnic identity or religion, but
rather an identity that refers to a particular territorial area which is home.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Banjar tribe which was originally formed as a <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">political entity</span> divided into 3
groups (large groups) based on territorial and tribal blocks of perspective by
describing the cultural and genetic admixture with indigenous migrants Dayak :</span>
</div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span>Pahuluan
Banjar Group is a mix of Hindu and Malay-Dayak people who speak Meratus Malayic
(Dayak element Meratus / Hill as a feature group)</span> </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span>Rod
Banyu Banjar Group is a mix of people Pahuluan, the Melayu-Hindu/Buddha,
the Rivet-Gujarat, Maanyan Dayak people, the Dayak Lawangan, the Bukit
Dayak and Javanese-Hindu Majapahit (Dayak Maanyan as characteristic
element group)</span> </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span>Kuala
Banjar Group is a mixture of the Kuin, the Batang Banyu, the Dayak Ngaju
(barnacle, Bakumpai), the Kampung Melayu, the Kampung Bugis-Makassar, the
Kampung Jawa, the Arab village, and some Chinese trench to Islam (Ngaju Dayak
elements as characteristic of the group).</span> <span>Amalgamation process is
still running today in the group who lived in Kuala Banjar Banjar district
Kuala - areas in its development into a metropolis that blends (Banjar
Bakula).</span> </li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>By taking the opinion Idwar Saleh on core tribal Banjar,
Banjar then mixing with the Dayak tribe Ngaju / tribe cognate (Barito Group
West) located to the west of Banjarmasin ( Central Kalimantan ) we can assume
is the Banjar Kuala too.</span> <span>In the northern South Kalimantan occurred mixing Banjar
tribe with tribe Maanyan / cognate tribes (East Barito Group) as Hamlet,
Lawangan and Sand tribe in East Kalimantan are also air Lawangan language , we
can assume as the Banjar Trunk Banyu.</span> <span>Mixing Banjar tribe in southeastern Borneo that there
are many hill tribes we assume Pahuluan Banjar.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>According to census 1930, tribe Banjar in South
Kalimantan are in the city of Banjarmasin (89.19%), excluding Afdeeling
Banjarmasin Banjarmasin (94.05%), Afdeeling Hulu Sungai (93.75%), the city
Kotabaru (69.45% ), excluding Sea Island city Kotabaru (48.96%), the Land of
Spices (56.74%). </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-8965167088370125352012-10-21T20:09:00.003-07:002012-10-21T20:09:47.751-07:00People Kanekes or Bedouin / Beduin Indigenous Sunda<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.indotoplist.com/member/admin/img_detail.php?detail_id=845" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.indotoplist.com/member/admin/img_detail.php?detail_id=845" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>People Kanekes</b> or <b>Bedouin</b>
/ <b>Beduin</b> is an indigenous group of Sunda in the Lebak regency, Banten.
<span>Their population is
around 5,000 to 8,000 people, and they are one of the tribes who apply isolation
from the outside world.</span> <span>In addition, they also have the confidence taboo to be
photographed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Etymology </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The term "Bedouin" is the designation given
by residents outside the community groups, the researchers started from the
title Dutch who apparently equate them with the Arab Badawi who is sedentary
societies (nomadic). Another possibility is that the River and Mountain Bedouin
Bedouin in the northern part of the region. They themselves prefer to call
themselves as <i>urang Kanekes</i> or "Kanekes" corresponds to the
name of their territory, or a term that refers to the name of their village as <i>Urang
Cibeo</i> (gärna, 1993)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline">Areas</span> </h2>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span>Kanekes territory is
geographically located at coordinates 6 ° 27'27 "- 6 ° 30'0" latitude
and 108 ° 3'9 "- 106 ° 4'55" E (Permana, 2001).</span> <span>They live right on the foot
of the mountains Kendeng Kanekes village, District Leuwidamar,-Rangkasbitung
Lebak, Banten, is about 40 km from the city Rangkasbitung.</span> <span>The area is part of Kendeng
Mountains with an altitude of 300-600 m above sea level (DPL) has the hilly and
undulating topography with an average slope reaches 45%, which is a volcanic
soil (in the north), soil sediment (in the middle), and soil mixture (in the
south).</span> <span>average
temperature of 20 ° C.</span> Three main village is the Kanekes In Cikeusik , Cikertawana
, and Cibeo . </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline">Languages</span>
</h2>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span>Language they use is Sundanese
Sundanese dialect-Banten.</span> <span>To communicate with people outside of their current use
Indonesian language, although they do not get that knowledge from school.</span>
<span>People do not know the
culture Kanekes in writing, so that the customs, beliefs / religion, and
ancestor stories stored only in oral speech only.</span> </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span>People do not know Kanekes
school, because formal education as opposed to their customs.</span> <span>They rejected the
government's proposal to build school facilities in their villages.</span> <span>Even to this day, although
since the Suharto government has tried to force them to change the way
hidupmereka and build modern school facilities in their area, people still
resist efforts Kanekes government.</span> <span>As a result, the majority of people Kanekes can not read
or write draw.</span> </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Community
groups </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">People Kanekes still has historic links with the
Sundanese . Physical appearance and their language is similar to Sundanese
people in general. The only difference is their beliefs and way of life. People
Kanekes shut yourself from the outside world and strictly maintain their
traditional way of life, while the Sundanese are more open to foreign
influences and the majority embraced Islam. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kanekes Community are generally
divided into three groups: <i>Tangtu, panamping,</i> and <i>dangka</i>
(Permana, 2001). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tangtu</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
group is a group known as Kanekes In (the Bedouin), the most closely followed
the customs, the people living in the three villages: Cibeo, Cikertawana, and
Cikeusik. Characteristic Kanekes People are dressed in natural white and dark
blue and wearing a white headband. They were forbidden by custom to meet with
foreigners (non-citizen) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kanekes In a part of the whole
person Kanekes. Unlike Kanekes Outside, residents Kanekes In still adhere to
customs of their ancestors. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Most of the rules adopted by the
tribe Kanekes include: </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Not allowed to use vehicles for transportation </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Not allowed to use footwear </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The door should face north / south (except home
the <i>Pu'un</i> or traditional leaders) </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Prohibition of use of electronic tools (technology)
</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Using cloth black / white as the clothes are
woven and sewn himself, and is not allowed to use modern clothing. </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The second community group called <i>panamping</i>
are those known as Kanekes Solo (Solo Bedouin), who lived in various villages
scattered around the region Kanekes In as Cikadu, Kaduketuk, Kadukolot,
Gajeboh, Cisagu, and so forth. Community Kanekes Foreign distinctively dressed
and black headband. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Foreign Kanekes are the people who
have come out of peoples and regions Kanekes In. There are several things that
cause the release of citizens to Kanekes Kanekes In Outer: </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">They have violated the indigenous communities
Kanekes. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wanting to get out of Kanekes In </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Married with members of the Foreign Kanekes </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The characteristics of the people
Kanekes Foreign </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">They have to know the technology, such as
electronic equipment, although its use remains a ban for every citizen
Kanekes, including Foreign Kanekes citizens. They use the equipment in a
way secretly to escape detection from Kanekes the supervisor. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The process of construction of houses Kanekes
Foreign been using these tools, such as saws, hammers, nails, etc., that
were previously prohibited by customary Kanekes In. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Using traditional clothes with black or dark blue
(for men), which indicates that they are not holy. Sometimes using modern
clothes such as T-shirts and jeans. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Using modern household appliances, such as
mattresses, pillows, plates & cups glass & plastic. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">They live outside the Kanekes In. </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">If Kanekes Domestic and Foreign
Kanekes Kanekes living in the area, the "Kanekes Dangka" Kanekes live
outside the area, and currently resides in the remaining two villages, namely
Padawaras (Cibengkung) and Sirahdayeuh (Cihandam). Dangka village serves as a
sort of <i>buffer zone</i> on outside influences (Permana, 2001). - 110.138.244.219
12 September 2012 07:40 (UTC) - 110.138.244.219 12 September 2012 07:40 (UTC) -
110.138.244.219 12 September 2012 07:40 (UTC) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The origins </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">According to the beliefs that they profess, people
claiming descent from Batara Kanekes Ancestor, one of the seven gods or a god
who is sent to earth. The origin is often attributed to the Prophet Adam as the
first ancestor. According to their belief, Adam and his descendants, including
the citizen has a duty Kanekes be imprisoned or ascetic (mandita) to maintain
the harmony of the world. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Opinions about the origin of the different Kanekes
opinion among the historians, who based his opinion by way of synthesis of some
historical evidence in the form of inscriptions, travel records of Portuguese
and Chinese sailors, and folklore about the 'Tatar Sunda' fairly minimal
existence. Community Kanekes associated with the Kingdom of Sunda that before
its collapse in the 16th century centered on Pakuan Pajajaran (around Bogor
now). Before the establishment of the Sultanate of Banten, west end area of the
island of Java is an important part of the Kingdom of Sunda. Banten is a fairly
large trading port. Ciujung rivers are navigable various types of boats, and
crowded is used to transport agricultural products from rural areas. Thus the
ruler area, known as Prince shoots General considers that the sustainability of
the river should be maintained. For that diperintahkanlah royal army of highly
trained soldiers to maintain and manage the heavily wooded and hilly areas in
the region of Mount Kendeng. The existence of a special task force with the
Society seems to be the forerunner Kanekes that still inhabit the upper river
at Mount Kendeng Ciujung the (Adimihardja, 2000). Differences of opinion are
led to conjecture that in the past, their historical identity and accidentally
closed, which probably is to protect the community from attacks Kanekes
themselves Pajajaran enemies. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Van Tricht, a physician who had conducted health
research in 1928, refuting the theory. According to him, the Kanekes is a
native of the area who has a strong thrust towards external influences (gärna,
1993b: 146). People Kanekes himself had refused to say that they are from the
people escape from Pajajaran, the capital of the Kingdom of Sunda. According
Danasasmita and Djatisunda (1986: 4-5) is a Bedouin locals who made the mandala
'(sacred area) formally by the king, because the population is obliged to raise
kabuyutan (place of ancestor worship or ancestor), rather than Hinduism or
Buddhism. Principal in this area known as the Sunda kabuyutan Teak or 'Sunda
Original' or Sunda Wiwitan (wiwitan = original, origin, principal, teak).
Therefore, their original religion was given the name Sunda Wiwitan. King makes
a mandala is Bedouin territory Rakeyan Darmasiksa . </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline">Interaksi dengan masyarakat luar</span></h2>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Masyarakat
Kanekes yang sampai sekarang ini ketat mengikuti adat-istiadat bukan merupakan
masyarakat terasing, terpencil, ataupun masyarakat yang terisolasi dari
perkembangan dunia luar. Berdirinya Kesultanan Banten yang secara otomatis
memasukkan Kanekes ke dalam wilayah kekuasaannya pun tidak lepas dari kesadaran
mereka. Sebagai tanda kepatuhan/pengakuan kepada penguasa, masyarakat Kanekes
secara rutin melaksanakan <i>seba</i> ke Kesultanan Banten (Garna, 1993).
Sampai sekarang, upacara seba tersebut terus dilangsungkan setahun sekali,
berupa menghantar hasil bumi (padi, palawija, buah-buahan) kepada Gubernur
Banten (sebelumnya ke Gubernur Jawa Barat), melalui bupati Kabupaten Lebak. Di
bidang pertanian, penduduk Kanekes Luar berinteraksi erat dengan masyarakat
luar, misalnya dalam sewa-menyewa tanah, dan tenaga buruh.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Perdagangan yang
pada waktu yang lampau dilakukan secara barter, sekarang ini telah
mempergunakan mata uang rupiah biasa. Orang Kanekes menjual hasil buah-buahan,
madu, dan gula kawung/aren melalui para tengkulak. Mereka juga membeli
kebutuhan hidup yang tidak diproduksi sendiri di pasar. Pasar bagi orang
Kanekes terletak di luar wilayah Kanekes seperti pasar Kroya, Cibengkung, dan
Ciboleger.</div>
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Pada saat ini
orang luar yang mengunjungi wilayah Kanekes semakin meningkat sampai dengan
ratusan orang per kali kunjungan, biasanya merupakan remaja dari sekolah,
mahasiswa, dan juga para pengunjung dewasa lainnya. Mereka menerima para
pengunjung tersebut, bahkan untuk menginap satu malam, dengan ketentuan bahwa
pengunjung menuruti adat-istiadat yang berlaku di sana. Aturan adat tersebut
antara lain tidak boleh berfoto di wilayah Kanekes Dalam, tidak menggunakan
sabun atau odol di sungai. Namun demikian, wilayah Kanekes tetap terlarang bagi
orang asing (non-WNI). Beberapa wartawan asing yang mencoba masuk sampai
sekarang selalu ditolak masuk.</div>
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Pada saat
pekerjaan di ladang tidak terlalu banyak, orang Kanekes juga senang berkelana
ke kota besar sekitar wilayah mereka dengan syarat harus berjalan kaki. Pada
umumnya mereka pergi dalam rombongan kecil yang terdiri dari 3 sampai 5 orang,
berkunjung ke rumah kenalan yang pernah datang ke Kanekes sambil menjual madu
dan hasil kerajinan tangan. Dalam kunjungan tersebut biasanya mereka
mendapatkan tambahan uang untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hidup.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-78901085212044849532012-10-20T23:39:00.002-07:002012-10-20T23:45:08.328-07:00Batak Is One Of The Ethnic Groups In Indonesia<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuUbyUUda2COlZWdleVWm0RTW0zzpimLfSav7KaU4zUGoT5yNnofCiaq5Wqt98-v5CSLaS_YP-ofoStNP_3hc2PuUjJ_7xLbHL2QGYIb60AnVWiAbonpAsuPsIia55OtNbLuFV9QFyAUw/s1600/galleryimg3461horjabius.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuUbyUUda2COlZWdleVWm0RTW0zzpimLfSav7KaU4zUGoT5yNnofCiaq5Wqt98-v5CSLaS_YP-ofoStNP_3hc2PuUjJ_7xLbHL2QGYIb60AnVWiAbonpAsuPsIia55OtNbLuFV9QFyAUw/s320/galleryimg3461horjabius.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b>Batak</b> is
one of the <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ethnic groups</span> in <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Indonesia</span> .
<span>This name is a
collective theme to identify some tribes who live and come from <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tapanuli</span>
and <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">East Sumatra</span> , in <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">North Sumatra</span> .</span>
<span>Ethnic Batak are
categorized as: <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Batak Toba</span> , <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Karo
Batak</span> , <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Batak Pakpak</span> , <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Simalungun
Batak</span> , <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Batak Angkola</span> , and <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Batak
Mandailing</span> .</span> </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Nowadays most
people embrace Batak <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">religion</span> <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">of Sunni Islam</span>
and <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Protestant Christianity</span> . <span>But some are embracing the
belief tadisional: tradition <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Malim</span> and also adhere to the
belief <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">of animism</span> (called Sipelebegu or Parbegu), although now
the number of the adherents of these teachings waned.</span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">History </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Batak people are speakers of Austronesian languages
, but it is unknown when the Batak ancestors first settled in Tapanuli and
East Sumatra. Language and archaeological evidence suggests that the
Austronesian-speaking people of Taiwan have moved to the area the Philippines
and Indonesia about 2,500 years ago, the young in the stone age ( Neolithic ). Because
until now there has been no artifacts Neolithic (Stone Age Younger) were found
in the Batak it can be presumed that the new Batak ancestors migrated to North
Sumatra in the age of metal. In the 6th century, the merchants of Tamil origin India
set up a trading town Barus , on the west coast of North Sumatra. They trade
Barus chalk cultivated by farmers in the interior. Kapur Barus of Batak lands
of high quality so that it becomes one of the leading export in addition to
incense. In the 10th century, Barus attacked by Sriwijaya . This led to the
expulsion of Tamil traders from the coast of Sumatra. In subsequent periods,
Barus chalk trading began much controlled by the Minangkabau traders who
established a colony on the west coast and east of North Sumatra. Their
colonies stretching from Barus, Sorkam , up Christmas. Batak is one of the
ethnic groups in Indonesia. This name is a collective theme to identify some
tribes who live and come from Tapanuli and East Sumatra, North Sumatra. Ethnic
groups are categorized as Batak: Toba Batak, Batak Karo Batak Pakpak,
Simalungun Batak, Batak Angkola, and Batak Mandailing. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The majority of the Batak be Christians and the rest
Muslims. But there is also a religion Malim and also embracing animist beliefs
(called Sipelebegu or Parbegu), although now the number of the adherents of
these teachings waned. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Identity Batak</span></span>
</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>RW Liddle said that prior to the 20th century in
northern Sumatra there are no ethnic group as a coherent social unit.</span> <span>According to the 19th
century, the social interaction in the area is limited to the relationship
between individuals, between groups of kin, or between villages.</span> <span>And almost no consciousness
to be part of the social units and greater political. Another opinion suggests
that the emergence of an awareness of a Batak family just happened in colonial
times. In his dissertation J. <span>Pardede argued that the term "Batak Land" and
"people of Batak" was created by outsiders.</span> <span>Instead, Siti Omas Manurung ,
the wife of the son of Toba Batak priest said that before the arrival of the
Dutch, all good people Karo and Simalungun recognize him as Batak, and
Belandalah which has made the separation of the groups.</span> <span>A myth that has various
versions state that Pusuk Buhit , one of the peaks in the west of Lake Toba ,
was the "birthplace" Batak people.</span> <span>Besides these myths also
state that the Batak ancestors came from Samosir .</span> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>The formation of Batak society composed of various
clans, partly due to the migration of families from other parts of Sumatra.</span>
<span>Important research
conducted by Karo tradition JH Neumann , based on transcriptions of oral
literature and two local script, which <i>Kembaren Library</i> and <i>Library
Ginting</i> .</span> <span>According
<i>Kembaren Library,</i> the origin of the clan Kembaren Pagaruyung in
Minangkabau.</span> <span>Tamil
people are also expected to be blocks of Karo society.</span> <span>This is evident from the
number of Karo surnames derived from Tamil language .</span> <span>Tamil people are a trader on
the west coast, fled inland Minangkabau of Sumatra in the attack, troops coming
in the 14th century to master Barus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">The spread of religion</span></span>
</h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The districts in North Sumatra,
colored, has a majority population of Batak. </div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span><span id="Masuknya_Islam"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext;">The entry of Islam</span></span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>During his visit in 1292, Marco Polo reported that the
Batak people as those "wild" and are never affected by religions
outside.</span> <span>Although
Ibn Battuta , visited North Sumatra in 1345 and Islamize Sultan Al-Malik
Al-Dhahir , Batak people have never known before Islam spread by the
Minangkabau traders.</span> <span>Along with the business trading, many traders who do
marry Minangkabau-mawin Batak women.</span> <span>It has gradually Increasing Muslims in Batak society. In
the Padri War at the beginning of the 19th century, the land forces attacked
the Batak and Minangkabau do pengislaman massively over the Mandailing and
Angkola.</span> <span>But
Padri attack on Toba region, not to Islamize society, which they eventually
embraced Protestant Christianity . the kingdom of Aceh in the north, also did
much to Islamize society and Pakpak Karo.</span> <span>While Simalungun many of the
people affected by the Malay Muslims in East Sumatra coast</span> </div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext;">Christian
Missionaries</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span>See also: History of the entry of Christianity to the
Batak </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>In 1824, two Baptist missionaries native England , Richard
Burton and Nathaniel Ward walk from Sibolga Batak headed inland. After three
days of walking, they reached the plateau Silindung and settle for two weeks in
the interior.</span> <span>From
this exploration, they make observations and direct observation of Batak
society.</span> <span>In
1834, this activity was followed by Henry Lyman and Samuel Munson from the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>In 1850, the Board of the Dutch missionaries
commissioned Neubronner Herman van der Tuuk to publish grammar books and
dictionaries Batak language - Dutch.</span> <span>It aims to facilitate the Christian missions Dutch and
German speaking with the Toba and Simalungun pengkristenan targeted them. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>The first missionaries of origin Germany arrived in the
valley around Lake Toba in 1861, and a mission pengkristenan run in 1881 by Dr.
Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen .</span> <span>New Testament for the first time translated into Toba
Batak language by Nommensen in 1869 and completed the translation of the Old
Testament by PH Johannsen in 1891.</span> <span>Text translation was printed in Latin letters in Medan
in 1893.</span> <span>According
HO Voorma , this translation is not easy to read, a bit stiff, and sounded
strange in Batak language.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Toba and Karo communities partly absorb Christianity
quickly, and at the beginning of the 20th century has made Christianity the
cultural identity.</span> <span>During a period of the rise of colonialism the Dutch
East Indies , where many of the Batak are no longer fought with the colonial
administration.</span> <span>Guerrilla
resistance by Toba Batak people ended in 1907, after their charismatic leader, Sisingamangaraja
XII died.</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext;">Church
HKBP</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Church Protestant Batak Christians (HKBP) has been
established in Balige in September 1917.</span> <span>In the late 1920's, a school nurse provides care
training to midwives there.</span> <span>Later in 1941, Karo Batak Protestant Church (GBKP) was
established.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Confidence </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A Batak calendar made of bone, from the 20th century.
Owned by Children's Museum of Indianapolis. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Before the Batak Toba embraced Protestant
Christianity , they have a belief system and religion of Mulajadi Nabolon who
have power over the sky and the radiance of His power manifested in <i>Debata
Natolu</i> . </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Concerning the soul and the spirit,
the Batak Toba identify three concepts, namely: </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tondi:</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> is the soul or spirit of a
person who is a force, therefore Tondi gives life to man. Tondi in the can
since someone in the kandungan.Bila Tondi left the body a person, then
that person will get sick or die, then held a ceremony mangalap (pick)
sombaon Tondi from the captors. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sahala:</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> is the soul or spirit of one's
own power. Everybody has Tondi, but not everyone has Sahala. Sahala with
Sumanta, luck or magic that of the king or the hula-hula. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Begu:</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> is Tondi people have died, the
same behavior with human behavior, just turn up on the night. </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Thus religion and beliefs contained
in the Batak tribe pustaha. Although it has embraced Christianity and educated,
but the Batak do not want to leave religion and beliefs that have been
ingrained in their consciousness. </span></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Greetings Typical Batak</span></span>
</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Each tribe has Batak greeting each signature.</span> <span>Although the Batak tribe
famous for greeting Horasnya, but there are still two more greetings less
popular in the community and Njuah Mejuah Juah Juah.</span> <span>Horas itself still has a
reference to each tribe by the use</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>1.</span> <span>Pakpak "Njuah-Mo Juah Banta Karina!"</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>2.</span> <span>Karo "Mejuah-Juah We Krina!"</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>3.</span> <span>Toba "Horas Jala Ma On Hita Saluhutna Gabe!"</span>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>4.</span> <span>Simalungun "Horas banta Haganupan, Salam Habonaran
Do Bona!"</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>5.</span> <span>Mandailing and Angkola "Horas Tondi G Tondi Matogu
Madingin Pears, Vegetables Matua Bulung!"</span> </div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Kinship</span></span>
</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Kinship is related to the legal relationship between
people in social life.</span> <span>There are two forms of kinship to the Batak tribe, which
is based on lineage (genealogy) and based on sociological, while no territorial
kinship.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Forms of kinship based on lineage (genealogy) is visible
from genealogy surname ranging from Si Raja Batak , Batak tribes which all have
a clan .</span> <span>While
kinship based on sociological occur through agreement (match between a
particular clan) or by marriage.</span> <span>In Batak traditions, the unity is the bond of blood in
Indigenous clans, and clan.</span> <span>This means for example Harahap, unity is customary Marga
Marga Harahap vs another.</span> <span>Given that Indigenous Batak / Batak traditions are
dynamic which is often tailored to the time and place influence the differences
between the traditional style of the area.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>The existence of philosophy in the parable of the Toba
Batak language that reads: <i>Jonok dongan partubu jonokan do dongan parhundul.</i></span>
<span>is a philosophy that we
always maintain good relations with its neighbors, because they're the closest
friends.</span> <span>However,
in the implementation of custom, the first look is a one clan, although
basically neighbors should not be overlooked in the implementation of
Indigenous Peoples.</span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Philosophy and the social system </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Batak people have a philosophy, the
principle as well as in terms of social structures and systems that are in the
Toba Batak language called <i>Dalihan na Tolu</i> . Here mention Dalihan Natolu
by six Batak tribe </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Dalihan Tolu (Toba) • Somba
Marhula hula-Manat Mardongan • Body • Elek Marboru </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Dalian Na Tolu (Mandailing and
Angkola) • Respect Marmora • • Elek Maranak Markahanggi Manat Boru </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. Tolu Sahundulan (Simalungun) •
Martondong Ningon Sincerely, Sombah • Marsanina Ningon Pakkei, Manat • Marboru
Ningon Elek, Pakkei </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4. Rakut sitelu (Karo) • Nembah Man
Man Mehamat Sembuyak Kalimbubu • • Nami-nami Man Child Beru </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5. Daliken sitelu (Pakpak) • Worship
Merkula Manat Merdengan-kula • Body • Elek Marberru </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hulahula / Mora is the family of the wife. Hula's
most respected positions in the association and customs Batak (all
sub-tribe of Batak) so everyone should respect the Batak dipesankan
Hulahula (Somba marhula-hula). </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dongan Tubu / Hahanggi called Dongan Sabutuha is
the brother of one clan. Its literal meaning is born from the same
stomach. They are like trees that are close together, support each other,
so close though because sometimes mutual friction. However, the conflict
did not make the connection of the clan can be separated. Rather like
water that cut with a knife, although the split but remain united. However,
to everyone Batak (Batak culture) dipesankan be wise to you semarga.
Termed, tubu mardongan manat. </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Boru / Child Boru is the family that takes the
wife of a clan (other families). Boru occupies the lowest position as
'parhobas' or servant, whether in daily life or (especially) in any
ceremonies. But while working as a waitress is not meant to be treated
with impunity. Rather boru party should take heart, persuaded, termed:
Elek marboru. </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">But that does not mean there is
caste in Batak kinship system. Dalihan kinship systems na Tolu is contextual.
According to the context, all the Batak people definitely been a Hulahula, as
well as the Dongan Tubu, as well as Boru. So everyone had to put in a
contextual position. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Thus, in order of kinship, everyone
should behave Batak 'king'. Raja Batak kinship in the order does not mean the
people in power, but the people who behaved in accordance with good manners in
Batak kinship system. So in any conversation is always custom called ni
Hulahula King, King and King no Dongan Tubu ni Boru. </span></div>
<h3 style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext;">Ritual cannibalism</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></h3>
<div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Ritual cannibalism has been well
documented among Batak, which aims to strengthen <i>Tondi</i> eating it.
<span>In particular, blood,
heart, palms, and soles of the feet are considered as rich <i>Tondi.</i></span>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>In a memoir Marco Polo who had come east Sumatra
dipesisir expedition from April to September 1292, he mentioned that he met
with people who will tell the inland masyarakyat referred to as "man-eaters".
From the secondary sources, Marco Polo record the stories of ritual cannibalism
among the "Battas".</span> <span>Although Marco Polo only live in coastal areas, and
never go directly into the interior to verify the story, but he can tell you
the ritual.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Niccolò Da Conti (1395-1469), a Venetian who spent most
of 1421 in Sumatra, long journey for trade missions in Southeast Asia
(1414-1439), chronicles the life of the community.</span> <span>He wrote a brief description
of the Batak: "In this part of the island, called cannibals living Batech
fight constantly to their neighbors'.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Thomas Stamford Raffles in 1820 studying the Batak and
their rituals, and laws regarding the consumption of human flesh, writing in
detail about the infringement is justified. Raffles stated that: "One
thing that is common where people eat their parents when too old to work, and
for certain crimes a criminal would be eaten alive "..</span> <span>"The flesh eaten raw or
roasted, with lime, salt and a bit of rice".</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>The German physician and geographer Franz Wilhelm
Junghuhn, visited the Batak lands in 1840-1841.</span> <span>Junghuhn say about ritual
cannibalism among the Batak (which he called "Battaer").</span> <span>Junghuhn told how dangerous
and hungry after the flight, he arrived at a friendly village.</span> <span>The food offered by his host
is the meat of the two prisoners who had been killed the day before. <sup>[22]</sup>
However, this can sometimes be exaggerated in order to scare people / parties
intend to colonize and / or occasionally in order to get a better paid job as a
handyman shoulder for merchants as well as mercenaries for the coastal tribes
were plagued by pirates.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Oscar von Kessel visited Silindung in the 1840s, and in
1844 probably the first Europeans to observe Batak ritual cannibalism in which
a convicted adulteress and eaten alive.</span> <span>Interestingly, there is a parallel description of
Marsden for some important, von Kessel states that cannibalism is regarded by
the Batak people as an act of law, and its application is restricted to a very
narrow violation of the theft, adultery, espionage, or treason.</span> <span>Salt, red pepper, and lemon
should be given by the victim's family as a sign that they accept the decision
of the people and not think about revenge.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Ida Pfeiffer visited the Batak in August 1852, and
although he did not observe any cannibalism, he was told that: "Prisoners
of war was tied to a tree and beheaded at once, but the blood is carefully
preserved for a drink, and sometimes made into a sort of pudding with rice.
bodies are then distributed; ear, nose, and feet are the exclusive property of
the king, in addition to a claim for some others. palms of the hands, feet,
head meat, heart, and liver, is a typical dish. meat usually roasted and eaten
with salt. The women were not allowed to take part in a great public dinner
".</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>In 1890, the Dutch colonial government banned cannibalism
in the area of their control. Rumors of Batak cannibalism survived until the
beginning of the 20th century, and it seems likely that the custom has been
rarely performed since 1816.</span> <span>This is due to the influence of religion in society
Batak migrants.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tarombo </span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lineage or Tarombo is something that
is very important for the Batak. For those who do not know the lineage will be
considered as stray Batak <i>(nalilu).</i> Batak people are required to know at
least the lineage ancestors lowered his clan and friends semarganya <i>(dongan
tubu).</i> It is necessary to know the location kekerabatannya <i>(partuturanna)</i>
in a clan or a clan</span></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Controversy</span></span>
</h2>
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<span>Some people Karo , Angkola , and Mandailing not call
themselves as part of the Batak tribe.</span> <span>The discourse that emerged due to the general category
of "Batak" looked down upon by other nations.</span> <span>In addition, religious
differences also cause some people do not want to be called as Tapanuli Batak.</span>
<span>On the northeast coast
of Sumatra, particularly in the city of Medan , this split is very pronounced.</span>
<span>Especially in the
selection of political leaders and the seizure of economic resources.</span> <span>Another source states Batak
word is derived from the plan the Governor General Raffles made ethnic
Christians who are between the Sultanate and the Kingdom of the Islamic
Minangkabau, Barus Inland region, called Batak.</span> <span>Generalization said the
ethnic Batak Mandailing (Angkola) and Karo, generally can not be accepted by
the descendants of the original area.</span> <span>Similarly, in Angkola, that there are many Muslim
refugees from the area around Lake Toba and Samosir, due to the implementation
of manufacturing Afdeeling Bataklanden by the Dutch government, which banned
the Muslim population living in the region.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>The greatest conflict is conflict between the northern
part of the southern Tapanuli Tapanuli, Batak and Mandailing identity.</span> <span>The northern part of the
identity of Batak demand for the majority of the population Tapanuli, even in
the outer regions.</span> <span>While the southern part of the identity of Batak
refused, relying on the elements of the culture and resources of the West.</span>
<span>Rejection Mandailing
community who do not want to be called as part of the ethnic Batak, had
surfaced in the case of Syarikat Tapanuli (1919-1922), Dead River Cemetery Case
(1922), and the establishment of Provincial Tapanuli Cases (2008-2009).</span> In
the census of 1930 and 2000, the government classifies Simalungun, Karo, Toba,
Mandailing, Pakpak and Angkola as ethnic Batak.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-11392443191298236592012-10-20T19:43:00.002-07:002012-10-20T19:43:43.229-07:00Asmat Is The Name Of A Tribe In Papua <!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Asmat is the name of a tribe of the largest and most
famous among the many tribes in Papua , Irian Jaya, Indonesia. One of the
things that made the Asmat tribe well known is the result of traditional wood
carving is very typical . Some ornaments / motifs that are often used, and the
main theme in the process of sculpting a statue made by the Asmat tribe is the
theme of the ancestors of their tribe, commonly called mbis. But do not stop there,
often also found ornaments / other motif that resembles a boat or wuramon,
which they believe to be a symbol of the boat that brought the spirit of their
ancestors in the underworld. For the Asmat tribe of natives, wood carving
rather a manifestation of the way they perform rituals to commemorate the souls
of the ancestors. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
Asmat tribe spread out and inhabit the sea around the coast and the mountains
Arafuru Jayawijaya, with a fairly heavy considering the terrain occupied area
is wilderness , in the life of the Asmat, a stone that we usually see on the
streets was very valuable to them. In fact, the stones can be used as a dowry.
All of that is because the places that set up a live Asmat swamps making it
very difficult to find stones street which is very useful for them to make
axes, hammers, and so on. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Asmat population in general have distinctive physical
characteristics, black and curly-haired. Her body is quite high. The average
height of the Asmat women around 162cm and height 172cm men reach. </span></div>
<a name='more'></a>One thing that enviable lifestyle of indigenous tribes asmat, they feel he is a
part of nature, that is why they are very respectful and keep the natural
surroundings, in fact, the tree of life around the place they considered to be
a picture of himself. The trunk describe arms, head pieces depict and describe
the roots of their feet <br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
Asmat people daily work surrounding environment, especially for foraging,
hunting and gardening in a way, which is still using the traditional method and
simple enough. Asmat cuisine unlike our cuisine. Special dishes for them is
sago worm. But everyday they just grilling fish or meat of animals hunted.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The
uniqueness of the Asmat tradition Coastal and Inland </span></b></div>
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Asmat is a tribe in Papua.
<span>Asmat wood carvings known
as a unique result.</span> <span>Asmat population is divided into two, namely those
living in coastal areas and those living in the hinterland.</span> <br />
<br />
<span>Both of these
populations differ from each other in dialect, way of life, social structure
and ritual.</span> <span>Coastal
populations further divided into two parts namely spare Bisman located between
the river and the river Sinesty Nin and spare Shimei.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are many contradictions between
different villages Asmat. <span>The most appalling is the way the Asmat used to kill
enemies.</span> <span>When
the enemy is killed, his body was taken to the village, then cut and
distributed to all residents to eat together.</span> <span>They sang songs of death and
memenggalkan head.</span> <span>His brain is wrapped in sago leaves are roasted and
eaten.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now normally, about 100 to
1000 people living in a village. <span>Each village had one house and lot Single family home.</span>
<span>Single house used for
ceremonial and religious ceremonies.</span> <span>The family home occupied by two or three families, which
has its own bathroom and kitchen.</span> Asmat has particularly very simple way
to apply them. <span>they
only need red soil to produce a red color.</span> <span>to produce white color they
made of shells that have been crushed.</span> <span>While they produce black warnah of crushed charcoal.</span>
<span>How was fairly easy to
use, simply by mixing it with a little water, the dye was able to use to dye
their bodies.</span> </div>
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In addition to its unique
traditions, the villagers Syuru also very good at making carvings such as the
Asmat tribe in general. <span>Asmat carvings for the tribe could be a link between the
present life with the life of an ancestor, to each dwelling carved image and
recognition of their ancestors that is loaded with greatness Asmat.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sculptures and carvings are generally those
created without sketches. <span>For the Asmat tribe scorpion sculpture is one in which
they communicate with the ancestors yag exist in another realm.</span> <span>This is possible because they
know the three concepts of the world: Amat ow capinmi (natural life now), Dampu
ow campinmi (pesinggahan nature spirits of the dead), and Safar (heaven).</span>
Believe before entering heaven, the spirits of the dead would interfere with
humans. <span>Interference
can be a disease, disaster and even war.</span> <span>So, to save mankind and redeem souls, those who are
still alive to make sculptures and statues mengelar party like a party bus
(Bioskokombi), party masks, party boats, and sago worm feast.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is said that the statue statues bus is the
most sacred form. <span>However,
now a statue to not only meet the Asmat tribe tradition calls.</span> <span>Because the results are also
engraving that they sell to strangers while carving party, they know the
results of hand-carved prized between Rp.</span> <span>100 thousand to millions of
dollars outside Papua.</span> <br />
<br />
<span>Habits Eye quest to
survive and find food among the tribal one with the other tribes in the
District Citak Mitak was almost the same.</span> <span>Asmat tribal land, tribal and
ethnic Mitak citak daily habit of making a living is separti hunt forest
animals, snakes, cassowaries, pigs, Hitan, dragons and others.</span> <span>They also always meramuh or
pound sago (sago tree cider-making process) as a staple meal and the fishermen
catch fish and shrimp to eat.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-71376690677798323702012-10-19T17:21:00.004-07:002012-10-19T17:21:39.725-07:00Ethnic Lampung <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7YLXVUCGat-QHMG7PyVAWSwLqboUN97jGmS-n5VLq5lElgY4oWPhyW2KHUq6zIWApWNongZ7E1yW3VxbQODEpRHDVZ2TnVNyXRdp_KnzL-HzCDkAoybPG_NYu1w2jMPfq9bofH9xB_OU/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7YLXVUCGat-QHMG7PyVAWSwLqboUN97jGmS-n5VLq5lElgY4oWPhyW2KHUq6zIWApWNongZ7E1yW3VxbQODEpRHDVZ2TnVNyXRdp_KnzL-HzCDkAoybPG_NYu1w2jMPfq9bofH9xB_OU/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Ethnic Lampung</b> which is
called <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pita Lampung</span> [The
Lampung] is traditionally geographically tribe that occupies the entire
province of Lampung and most provinces of South Sumatra southern and central
regions occupy Martapura, Muaradua in Komering Ulu, Wood Court, Cape King
Komering Ilir, Merpas to the south of Bengkulu and Cikoneng on the west coast of
Banten .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Origin of </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The origin Ulun<u><span style="color: blue;"> </span></u>Lampung
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Lampung</span> is closely related to
its own terms. Lampung word itself comes from the word "factoring
stomach" meaning derived from this height as the nation puyang Lampung
first settled Sekala Brak occupy upland slopes of Mount Pesagi. As I Tsing who
visited Sekala Brak after the visit of Srivijaya and he called for the
occupants to-Langpohwang this State. In the Hokkien language, a dialect spoken
by I-Tsing To Langpohwang means the top and as we know Pesagi and Sekala brak
plateau is the highest peak ground Lampung. </span><br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Prof. Hilman Hadikusuma in his book
(Lampung Customs: 1983) states that the first generation came from Lampung Ulun
Sekala Brak, at the foot of Mount Pesagi, West Lampung. Based on recent
research note that Paksi Brak Pak Sekala experienced two eras the Buddhist and
Hindu era Keratuan Islamic Sultanate era. The kingdom is situated on a plateau
at the foot of Mount Sekala Brak Pesagi (the highest mountain in Lampung) that
became the forerunner of Lampung ethnic tribes today. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">It is reported that the founder
Paksi Tambo in Pak Sekala Brak respectively the Queen walks in the Way, Queen
Nyerupa, Queen Pernong and Umpu Belunguh. The arrival of the founders Umpu
Paksi not simultaneously, based on recent research note that the spread of
Islam and the renewal of Indigenous done after arrival Umpu Belunguh to Sekala
Brak Sekerumong fighting and eventually won by unions Paksi Pak so began the
era of the Islamic Sultanate in Sekala Brak. Fourth Umpu this is the forerunner
Paksi Sekala Brak Pak as revealed codex Kuntara Raja Niti. However, in the book
version Kuntara Raja Niti, Puyang name is Inder Elephant, Mr. Lang, Sikin,
Belunguh, and Indarwati. Based Kuntara Raja Niti, Prof. Hilman Hadikusuma
formulate hypotheses Lampung Ulun descent as follows: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Inder Elephants </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Degree: Umpu Lapah on Way <br />
Position: Peak Dalom, Flip Mount <br />
Heredity: People Abung </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mr. Lang </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Degree: Umpu Pernong <br />
Position: Hanibung, Stone Brak <br />
Heredity: People Pubian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sikin </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Degree: Umpu Nyerupa <br />
Position: Looks Siring, Sukau <br />
Heredity: Power incarnate </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Belunguh </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Degree: Umpu Belunguh <br />
Position: Recognize, Belalau <br />
Heredity: Peminggir </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Indarwati </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Degree: Princess Moon <br />
Position: Cenggiring, Stone Brak <br />
Heredity: Bone Onions </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Customs</span></span>
</h2>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Basically Jurai Ulun Lampung
is derived from Sekala Brak, but in its development, in general indigenous
Lampung is two indigenous peoples and indigenous Lampung Lampung Saibatin
Pepadun. Indigenous
Saibatin thick with aristokrasinya value, whereas Indigenous Pepadun emerging
later then after Sheba performed by Abung to Banten more developed with
different values of democracy with aristocratic values are still firmly
held by Indigenous Saibatin. </div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Indigenous
Lampung Saibatin</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Indigenous peoples inhabit Saibatin Lampung: Labuhan
Maringgai, Pugung, Jabung, Way Jepara, Desaru, Raja Basa, Betung Bay, Padang
Mirror, Cukuh Balak, Way Lima, Talang Padang, City Attorney, Semaka, Suoh,
Sekincau, Stone Brak, Belalau, Liwa, Coastal Krui, Ranau, Martapura, Muara Dua,
Wood Court, there are four cities in the province of South Sumatra , Cikoneng
Beach Banten and even Merpas in South Bengkulu . Indigenous Saibatin often
also called the Coastal Lampung because most live along the coast of east,
south and west of the float, each consisting of: </div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Paksi
Pak Sekala Brak (West Lampung) </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Bandar
Enom Semaka (Tanggamus) </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Marga
Five Way Five (Pesawaran) </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Keratuan
rolling (East Lampung) </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Blood
Keratuan White (South Lampung) </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Keratuan
Komering (Province of South Sumatra ) </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Cikoneng
Pak Pekon (Provincial Bantam ) </li>
</ul>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Indigenous
Lampung Pepadun</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pepadun habitual Society / Inland consists of: </div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Abung
Siwo Mego (Unyai, Unyi, Subing, Uban, Children Tuha, Fireflies, Beliyuk,
Selagai, Nyerupa). Abung community inhabiting seven traditional
regions: Kotabumi, East Seputih, Sukadana, Labuhan Maringgai, Jabung,
Mount Sugih, and Terbanggi. </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Mego
Mr. Tulangbawang (Umpu Puyang, Puyang Month, Aji Puyang, Puyang Tegamoan).
Communities
inhabiting Tulangbawang four traditional regions: Menggala, Mesuji,
Panaragan, and Wiralaga. </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Pubian
Telu tribe (or tribe Minak Tuha Patih Manyarakat, Demat Minak Tambapupus
Lanca or tribe, or Tribal Minak explosives Hulu Bukujadi). Communities inhabiting
Pubian eight indigenous territories: Tanjungkarang, Balau, Bukujadi,
Tegineneng, Seputih West, Queen Padang, Gedungtataan, and Pugung. </li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">Sungkay-Waykanan
Buay Lima (Leaders, Bahuga, Semenguk, Baradatu, Barasakti, the five
descendants of King Tijang snout). Community-Waykanan Sungkay inhabit nine indigenous
territories: Great State, Ketapang, Pakuan Queen, Sungkay, Flower Mayang,
Blambangan Umpu, Baradatu, Bahuga, and Kasui. </li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Philosophy
of Life Ulun Lampung </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Philosophy of Life Ulun Lampung contained in the book <i>Kuntara
Raja Niti,</i> namely: </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Piil-Pusanggiri</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (shame doing despised by religious and
self-esteem) </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Juluk-Adok</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (has a personality in accordance with customary
title bears) </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nemui-Nyimah</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (visiting each other to stay in touch and
receive friendly guest) </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nengah-Nyampur</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (socially active in the community and not
individualistic) </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sakai-Sambaian</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (mutual help and mutual aid with other community
members) </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The above properties are denoted with a 'five flowers
decorate <i>sigor'</i> the symbol of Lampung province . </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The properties of the Lampung is also expressed in <i>adi-adi</i>
(poem): </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tandani ulun Lampung, wat piil-pusanggiri</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <br />
<i>Honor Heno sehitung, wat Liom ghega dighi</i> <br />
<i>Juluk-adok Gham pegung, nemui-nyimah muaghi</i> <br />
<i>Nengah mak-nyampugh ngungkung, sakai-Sambaian heavenly.</i> </span></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Language Lampung</span></span>
</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Full article in English Lampung </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Lampung language,</b> is a language that was spoken
by Ulun Lampung in Lampung, Palembang and the south west coast of Banten.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
These languages include Sundik branch, of the
Malayo-Polynesian and western is still close related to Sundanese , Batak , Javanese
, Balinese , Malay and so on. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Based on the map languages, Lampung has two subdilek.
First, the dialect A
(fire) used by ulun Sekala Brak, rolling Maringgai, White Blood Rajabasa, Balau
Telukbetung, Semaka City Attorney, Coastal Krui, Ranau, Komering and Power (a
habitual Lampung Saibatin), and the Right Way, Sungkai, and Pubian (a habitual
Lampung Pepadun). Second,
subdialek O (nyo) used by ulun Abung and Tulangbawang (a habitual Lampung
Pepadun). </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dr. Van Royen classify the Two Sub Lampung language
dialect, the dialect or dialects Belalau Fire and Dialects Abung or Nyow.
</div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Script Lampung</span></span>
</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Full article in Lampung script </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Script</b> called <b>Had Lampung Lampung</b> is a
form of writing that has a relationship with the Pallava script of South India.
Various kinds of
writing phonetic syllables are like the vowels in Arabic letters using fathah
signs on the top row and kasrah signs on the bottom line but not using dammah
sign in the front row but using the mark on the back, each sign has its own
name . </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Had it means the two elements that influenced Lampung
Pallava alphabet and Arabic alphabet. Had Lampung has a form of kinship with Rencong script ,
script and script Bugis Rejang Bengkulu. Had Lampung consists of the parent letter, letter kid,
kids double letters and consonant clusters, there is also lambing, numbers and punctuation
marks. Had
Lampung termed KaGaNga written and read from left to right with the Parent
Letter totaling 20 pieces. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Lampung script has undergone development or change.
Formerly Had Lampung
fashioned much more complex. So that made improvements to known now. letters or Had
Lampung is taught in schools today is the result of these improvements. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-49050865443547112962012-10-17T18:22:00.001-07:002012-10-17T20:47:17.659-07:00Kubu Tribe or Children In The Wilderness<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/1/17/Suku_anak_dalam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/1/17/Suku_anak_dalam.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Kubu tribe</b> or also known as <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Tribes</span> or <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Children In The Wilderness</span> is one of the ethnic minorities living
on the island of Sumatra , precisely in the province of Jambi and South Sumatra
. They are the
majority living in the province of Jambi, with an estimated population of
approximately 200,000 people. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
According to the oral tradition of tribal child in a man
Maalau Heresy, who m run to the jungle around the Black Water, Twelve Hills
National Park . They
then called Ancestors Segayo. Another tradition says they came from Pagaruyung , who
fled to Jambi. It
reinforced the fact indigenous tribes Child have a common language and customs
with Minangkabau tribe , such as the system of matrilineal . </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Broadly speaking in Jambi they live in three different
ecological regions, the People faction in the north province of Jambi
(surrounding Hill National Park 30), Park Hill 12, and the southern province of
Jambi (all the way across Sumatra ). They live a nomadic and basing his life on hunting and
gathering, although many of them now have rubber and other agricultural land.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Their life is very tragic loss of resources due to forest
that is in Jambi and South Sumatra, and the processes of marginalization by the
government and dominant ethnic groups (The Malay ) in Jambi and South Sumatra.<br />
<a name='more'></a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The majority animist tribal stronghold of belief, but
there are also a few dozen families who moved to the tribal stronghold of Islam
</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Life In Tribal Children in Jambi </span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">At first to be able to survive, Tribal Children in,
carry hunting, gathering, fishing and eating fruit in the forest. But with the
development of knowledge and tools that are used to live as a result of
acculturation with the outside community, now known knowledge of agriculture
and plantation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hunting of animals such as pigs, Monkey, Bear, Monkey,
Snake, Labi-labi, elk, deer and many kinds of birds, is one of their
livelihoods. Hunting activities carried out jointly with the dog. The tools
used are Spear and Parang. In addition, to get the game also uses a system of
traps and snares. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Type livelihood does is brewing inside the forest,
which took the fruit leaves and roots as a food ingredient. Locations where mix
is critical types obtained. If concocting dense rainforest, usually get
fruits, such Cempedak, durian, half charcoal, and other fruits. In the area of
bushes on the river bank and the valley they collect ferns, bamboo shoots,
yam, palm, and sago palm. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Looking for rattan, take honey, fishing is a form of
livelihood. Now they also have to know the farm and plantation fields and
rubber processing for livelihood. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">All forms and types of equipment used in supporting
the process of fulfilling his needs are very simple. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Building homes in the form of a wooden hut with a
thatched roof or the like. Construction of the building with a bunch of rattan
material systems and the like. The stage building height of 1.5 meters,
underneath used as a granary (booths) that serves as a storage place of rice.
Building measure approximately 4 x 5 meters or according to the needs of the
family. Besides residential buildings, in a large family environment there hut
without a roof as a place to sit and receive guests. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Now there are three categories of Tribal Children in
the settlement. First who live in the forests and nomadic. The two groups that
live in the forest and settled. The third is a group of settlers coupled with
the settlement of outsiders (the habit) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">How dresses are now varied, namely: (1) those who live
in the forest and move very simple clothes, which is enough to cover a
particular section. (2) that live in the forest still persist, in addition to
dress according to tradition, also sometimes used as the general public garment
such as clothes, gloves or pants, (3) who live close to human settlements or
villages outside, dressed like the other villagers. But the habit of not using
the clothes are often found within the settlement. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The origin of the Tribal Children often also referred
to as the jungle or the Kubu tribe is one of the native tribes in the province
of Jambi. Tribal Children In sedentary life. Forest region in groups and spread
in some districts, such as in Batang day, Tebo, Bunge, and Merangin Sarolangun.
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Some experts argued that anthropologists Tribal
Children In protom category Melayu (Malay old) of some of the results of
studies conducted, describe the culture of existing Tribal Children In Jambi
Malay tribes have in common with others, such as language, art and traditional
values other. One example is the form of the ceremony besale (ceremonial
treatment) on the child in almost the same form aseik ceremony (ceremonial
treatment) in Kerinci people are also classified as protom wither. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">In addition there is also the thought that the Tribal
Children in the community are alienated from the kingdom Pagaruyung. They fled
into the forest because of an attack and does not want controlled and ruled by
the enemy. In the woods they make defense. This opinion is based on the term
used in reference to Spare Son In as camp (camp meaningful defense). </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribal Children In carrying out his daily life
governed by rules, norms and customs applicable in accordance with the culture.
In this environment, the technical term of life of family and kinship groups,
such as young families and large families. A small family consisting of husband
and wife and unmarried children. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Family consists of several small family coming from
the wife's relatives. Boys who are married must be a resident within the
relatives of his wife. They are an integral part of social and live in a
neighborhood yard. Every small family living dipondok each are adjacent, which
is about two or three cottages in a group. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">In carrying out their daily lives, they have a tiered
system of leadership, such as the Chief, Depati, Mangku, Menti and Jenang. The
Chief is the highest office, a decision set to be followed. For those who
violate or sanctions will be sentenced according to the degree of guilt. </span></div>
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Chief role is very important because it serves as: (1) Top leaders (as Rajo),
(2) law enforcement decided the case, (3) Leader rituals, (4) People who have
the ability and magic. Therefore, in determining who will be emenggung be aware
of the background, such as heredity and the ability to take the lead in
carrying out its duties. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Faith Tribal Children In the spirit gods who control
life remains entrenched, despite them already know the religion of Islam. They
believe that each of what he earned, whether in the form of the good, the bad,
the successes and failures in the form of calamity and come from the gods. As a
form of appreciation and gifts to the gods and spirits, they perform rituals in
accordance with the need and desire to be expected. One form of ritual that is
often undertaken is Besale (ceremonial treatment). </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribal Children believe that the illness is sisakit
wrath of the gods or evil spirits and therefore need to beg for forgiveness so
that the illness can be cured. Property used in the ceremony besale heavily
laden with symbols. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">From the process of adaptation to the environment,
Tribal Children also have the knowledge of the treatment of materials derived
from plants and animals. Through his senses were able to distinguish toxic and
nontoxic plants include process. His knowledge of the technology is very
simple, but has the ability to detect the weather, and look for traces of
disease. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-928585057373244662012-10-17T18:00:00.001-07:002012-10-17T18:00:16.274-07:00Alas Tribe. One Tribe Aceh Southeast<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://multiply.com/mu/fajriboy/image/19/photos/54/500x500/2/alas.jpg?et=,UdeV9GLSlQOiYYVNL42rw&nmid=64498093" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://multiply.com/mu/fajriboy/image/19/photos/54/500x500/2/alas.jpg?et=,UdeV9GLSlQOiYYVNL42rw&nmid=64498093" /></a><b>Alas tribe</b> is one of the tribe who settled
in the district of Aceh Tenggara , Province of Aceh (also commonly known as the
Land Alas). <span>The
word "pad" in the language Alas means "mat".</span> <span>It has something to do with
the state of the region that stretches flat as a mat on the sidelines of the
Bukit Barisan .</span> <span>Alas
Land area where many rivers, one of which is Lawe Alas (Alas River).</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Alas most of the tribes living in the countryside and
living from agriculture and livestock.</span> <span>Alas Land is a granary of rice to Aceh.</span> <span>But apart from that they are
also gardening rubber, coffee, and hazelnut, as well as finding various forest
products, such as wood, rattan, resin and incense.</span> <span>While they ternakkan animals
are horses, goats, buffalo, and cattle.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Alas the kampung or village called kute.</span> <span>One kute usually occupied by
one or several clans, called <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">merge.</span></span>
<span>Members of the merge
comes from a common ancestor.</span> <span>The pattern of their family life is togetherness and
unity.</span> <span>They drew
a line of patrilineal descent, meaning that male lineage.</span> <span>They also embrace traditional
exogamy merge, meaning that mate to look at another merge.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>Spare pads 100% is the religion of Islam .</span> <span>But there are still some that
believe such shamanic practices in agriculture.</span> <span>They perform rituals with a
certain background belief that they bring good results farms or protected from
pests.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">History </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alas Ukhang or khang or Kalak Alas
Alas Alas had settled in the valley, long before the Dutch colonial government
in Indonesia where the state of the Alas valley has been immortalized in a book
authored by a Dutch named Radermacher (1781:8), when viewed from the record
history of Islam to the Land Alas, in the year 1325 (Effendy, 1960:26) then obviously
the population is already there though still a nomad by embracing animist
beliefs. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alas name intended for an individual
or ethnic group, while the area Alas called Tanoh says Alas. According Kreemer
(1922:64) says "Alas" is derived from the name of the head ethnicity
(grandson of King Lambing), he lived in the oldest village in the village of
Batu Tanoh Alas Mbulan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">According to Iwabuchi (1994:10) King
who first settled in Tanoh Alas Batumbulan is located in the village known as
the symbol of the descent of RAJA RAJA Lotung or known by the grandson of GURU
TATAE MONTHS of Samosir Batak, Tatae are siblings of the Month KING SUMBA.
Teachers Tatae Months have five children, namely King Uti, Saribu King,
Limbong, Sagala, and Glare King. Saribu king is a king Borbor parents and King
Lontung. King Lontung mempuyai seven children, namely, Sinaga, Situmorang,
Pandiangan, Nainggolan, Simatupang, Arita, and Siregar, known as siampudan or
payampulan. Pandiangan an ancestor Pande, Suhut Nihuta, Gultom, Samosir,
Harianja, Pakpahan, Sitinjak, Solin in Dairi, Sebayang in Tanah Karo, and
Selian in the Land Alas, Keluet in South Aceh. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lambing is the ancestor of King
merga Sebayang in Tanah Karo and Selian in the Land Alas. King Lambing is the
youngest child of three brothers namely the eldest brother was King Patuha in
Dairi, and number two is King Kluet Hornbill who migrated to South Aceh, the
descendants and followers are merga Pinem or Pinim. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Then King Lambing Karo moved to
where the descendants and followers are merga Sebayang the territory of
Tigabinanga up to Perbesi and Gugung Karo. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Estimated that in the 12th century
King Lambing emigrated to the Land of Karo Alas, and settled in the village of
Batumbulan, descendants and followers are merga Selian. In the Land Alas King
Lambing has three children, King Lelo (Raje catfish) and his descendants are
Ngkeran, later King Adeh which is Kertan ancestors and his people, and the
third is the offspring Raje Kaye lives in Batumbulan, including Bathin. Lambing
Raje descendants in the Land Alas until 2000, has mempuyai descent to 26 who
live scattered Alas Land region (Effendy, 1960:36; Sebayang 1986:17). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">After the King of Kings, followed
Lambing whose wife is the daughter of the King Lambing. Lambing Raja Raja
handed over the reins of leadership to the King of Gods (law). Known by the
name of Malik Ibrahim, the bearer of Islamic teachings to the Land Alas
termashur. Evidence of this historical site is located at Muara Lawe attitude,
Batumbulan village. Malik Ibrahim has one son and named ALAS and through 2000
has had a descent to 27 who live in the region of Southeast Aceh, Banda Aceh,
Medan, Malaysia and other places. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">There are things that attract the
attention of an agreement between the son of the King of Lambing (Adeh Raja,
Raja Raje Kaye and catfish) to the son of the King of Gods (King Alas) that
syi'ar Islam brought by the King of Gods accepted by the entire community Alas,
but that belongs customs by King Lambing remain in use with, summarily live
contained customary law contained death (Islam) and therefore it is clear that
assimilation with the culture of tribal customs Alas been ongoing since hundreds
of years ago. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">At the beginning of Malik Ibrahim
kedatanganya migration through the eastern coast (Pasai) before there is
agreement on, he still holds the culture of the Minang Kabau matrealistik, so
his son as heir to the kingdom of King Alas follow bloodlines and maternal
merga is Selian. After King Alas accept assimilation of King Lambing with the
teachings of Islam, since it started settling settling lineage descendants
followed the father. Alas King also known as the heir to the kingdom, because
of the large estate left by his father and grandfather since then known as
Tanoh Alas. Having presence in Batumbulan Selian, appeared again another
kingdom in the know with the base Sekedang Bambel territory covers up to Lawe
Well. King sekedang according to some information at the beginning in the Land
Alas kehadiranya is to find that his parents were migrant DEWA KING Land Alas.
King Sekedang which is the first one to come to the Land Alas estimated the
mid-13th century and is named Nazarudin known as Datuk HAIR calls coming from
Pasai. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subsequent arrivals during the group
Megit Alas Raja Ali of the Aceh coast and offspring developing in Biak Muli
known as merga Beruh. Then there was the next migrants who established several
clans, but they are still a splitting of Batumbulan, population groups or
Batumbulan mempuyai covering Pale Dese merga who live in the northwestern part
of the terutung Batumbulan pedi, and then present the Selian, coming Sinaga
group, Keruas and Pagan besides rejoin clan Munthe, Pinim and Karo-Karo. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Marga Pale Dese is a resident who
first occupied the land Alas, but no empire in recorded history. Then there
were also Deski living in the west end of village. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">while according to Bernard HM Vlekke
"Archipelago: A History of Indonesia" Translated by: Samsudin Berlin
(Nusantara: History of Indonesia) Printed by: PT Scholastic, Jakarta, ed 4,
2008. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The Indonesian archipelago is
located in the main sea route between the eastern and southern Asia. In between
these regions, the bias itself is expected there will be a population with
diverse origins. The discovery anthropological add much complexity to the study
of the problem of human origins in the island cluster. In 1890 Dr. Eugene
Dubolis find the remains of a skeleton that appears when it can not be
classified as an ape or human. Scientific discussions regarding the remains
"Pithecanthopus erectus" (the name suggested Dubois) resulted in a conclusion
that is not certain. For a long time, few new discoveries explanation for this
difficult problem. But 40 years later, the picture suddenly changed. Between
1931 and 1941, anthropologist Oppenoorth and Von Koenigswald discovered fossil
remains of some ancient human species originating from the early or
mid-Pleistocene Kala. All of these findings happening around Surakarta in Java
Tenggah. The discovery turned out to be very important for anthropology and
biology in general. But it does not mean for the history of Indonesia. The
ancient people of Indonesia are descendants of immigrants from Asia. Between
the time of the arrival of immigrants Pithecanthpopus and all the time there
may be thousands of centuries. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">There are several theories regarding
the development of ethnological Indonesia. The situation is very complex
linguistic and ethnic groups. Some of the hundreds of languages ditutut in
the Indonesian archipelago, and often some of the language used in a small
island. Residents of the small area can consist of phenotypes are very
different. No one island, betapun small, whose inhabitants do not mix-up, and
in all the major islands (except Java) we find primitive tribes living
alongside people with a high degree of civilization. One of the most striking
aspects of this problem is that in every big island there is a big difference
between the coastal and inland areas. P. and F. Sarasin brothers, the famous
explorer interior of Sulawesi, scientists-scientists are the first to formulate
a plausible theory of civilization among the tribes of the interior with the
coast. This theory was then developed further by other
anthropology-anthropology. Sarasins theory is that the native population of the
islands of Indonesia is the phenotype bkulit dark and small body, and that this
group originally inhabited the entire southeastern Asia. At that time the area
was one solid land. Of course, the ice from the period glasia never covered
islands of the East Indies, but at the end of the last glacial period the sea
level rose so high that the South China Sea and Java Sea are formed and
separating the volcanic mountains of Indonesia from the mainland. In vain the
natives were considered separately still live in rural areas, while coastal
areas inhabited by the newly formed newcomers. Sarasins called descendants of
the original Vedda people , according to the name of one of the most famous in
this group, the Hieng in Cambodia, Miao-tse and Yao-jen in China, as well as
Senoi in the Malayan peninsula. In the Indonesian archipelago are people who
live in the forests of Sumatra (Kubu, Lubu, and Mamak) and Toala in Sulawesi.
Research in the future allow further decomposition of the threads that make up
the intricate patterns of anthropological Indonesia. Collection of
anthropological and archaeological evidence seems to suggest that the
Indonesian archipelago oldest population closely related to the ancestors of
present-day Melanesians and that "Vedda" mentioned Sarasin included
what was then called " race Negrito "which although rare, still exist
across Africa, South Asia, and Oceania. So Vedda is "immigration"
into the world's first island was uninhabited and still be distinguished from
their predecessors thanks to the model of stone tools they left behind. Both
populations were said to live on stage Mesolitik . </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Shortly after the arrival of the
Negrito, a new population coming to Indonesia. Their culture type of Neolithic
and early settlements that resemble those of ancient Chinese pottery. Today is
also the beginning of the group is shy and rarely seen, except those in the
interior of the place visited is still wild. They had no choice but to merge or
disappear. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sarasins newcomer called it consists
of two waves, Proto Malays and Deutero Malays. Since their arrival in two waves
of migration, the grace period separately estimated by more than 2,000 years.
Proto Malays monyang grandmother believed was possible from all the people who
are now considered entry Malayo Polynesian spread from Madagascar to the
easternmost islands in the Pacific, they are expected to migrate to the
Indonesian islands of southern China. In China place their original stay in the
region is estimated to be roughly included in Yunnan province today. From there
they migrated to Indonesia and Siam, and then to the islands of Indonesia.
Their arrival seemed to coincide with the appearance of the first neolithic
tools in Indonesia and thus can be set at around 3,000 BC. According to the
theory Sarasin, a descendant of Proto Malays in turn pushed inland by the arrival
of new immigrants, Deutero Malays, who was also from northern Indochina and
surrounding area. Deutero Malays identified with the person who introduced iron
tools and weapons into the world of the Indonesian archipelago. The study of
the development of civilization in Indochina seemed to indicate a date for the
event: immigration took place between 300 and 200 BC. Naturally Proto Malays
and Deutero Malays mingle freely, which explains the difficulty of
distinguishing between the two groups in the Indonesia. Proto Malays are
considered include Alas and Gayo in northern Sumatra and Sulawesi Toraja.
Almost everyone else in Indonesia, except the people of Papua and the islands
around it, included in class Deutero Malays. </span></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline">Highways</span>
</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>According to the book (Sanctions and Penalties Crime
Indigenous Alas, Dr Talib Akbar MSC 2004) as for the Alas ethnic clans namely:
Bangko, Deski, Rivet, Kepale Dese, Keruas, Pagan, and then present another clan
Selian Acih, Beruh, Gale, Kekaro, Mahe, Menalu, Mencawan, Munthe, Pase, Pelis,
Pinim, Ramin, Ramud, Sambo, Sekedang, Sugihen, Sepayung, Sebayang and Terigan
clan.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Death Ceremony
Procession Alas Indigenous Tribes </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dalam pelaksanaan upacara kematian adat yang
merupakan salah satu ritual siklus hidup yang berlaku di kalangan masyarakat
Suku Alas di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, terdapat tata cara dan tahapan-tahapan
tertentu. In the implementation of traditional funeral ceremony is one of life
cycle rituals prevailing in the public interest in Aceh Alas, there are ordinances
and certain stages. Beberapa tahapan dalam upacara kematian adat Suku Alas itu
adalah sebagai berikut: Several stages in the customary funeral rites tribe
Alas it is as follows: </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Future body at Home (Preparation) </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
When there is
one member of a deceased citizen Tribes Alas, the sad news is immediately
notified to the village chief who then announced to all citizens. Residents of
the community will come to the funeral home to help the funeral procession,
from the preparation stage to the completion of the ceremony. The course of
traditional funeral ceremony led by Tengku priest assisted by the village
chief.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
There is a
special tradition in the ceremony kematin Alas tribe indigenous peoples in Southeast
Aceh. When there are people who died, obituary notices must be delivered
immediately, especially to relatives or relatives of those who died,
particularly to the families of the closest, the two armed forces up and down the
two who died. In addition, the relatives should be informed specifically of one
of the deceased family member or a person who is sent. If this is not done soon
it could potentially cause a rift in kinship. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Preparation needs to be prepared by a funeral
procession to the family, like a shroud, boards and tools to make keurreunda or
casket (coffin), herb badar to pour water or rubbed into the body so that the
body does not emit odor after bathing. Badar water concoction is a traditional
herb that consists of a mixture of lime water, mengkur, turmeric, and rice has
been mashed. All purposes funerals were prepared simultaneously to completion
so that the same also did not encounter any problems when the funeral
procession made. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Procession of Bathing body </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
After all the
preparations for the implementation of the customary funeral rites have been
completed and all the people who waited to attend the procession was present,
then the chiefs will preach to families mourning the ceremony was ready to
begin. The next event is the ceremonial bathing the corpse which the interest
Alas tradition is usually done in the river. Kebiasaan This custom is linked to
the natural conditions in the country that has a lot of Alas river so the river
became one of the main source of life for the tribe Alas. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The procession was led by Tengku bathing the
corpse priests assisted by the family grief. After all devices are ready, the
body is removed and placed in a stretcher which was decorated with a variety of
beautiful multicolored fabric. Before the corpse was carried out of the house,
relatives and friends who died doing the ritual mengkiran or pierced, which
runs through the bottom of the stretcher. After the procession mengkiran
completed, the next stretchers carrying the bodies paraded toward the river. Along
the way, stretchers covered with an umbrella to avoid the hot sun. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Arriving at the river, stretcher lowered into the
water to be very careful. The selected part of the river is usually a place
where the water is not too deep or shallow, approximately 30 cm deep, so that
when the body can be about water. Before the body is derived from the
stretcher, the families who helped bathe the corpse sit lined up in the water. Tengku
priest instruct the ways to bathe the corpse. Then, the priest's body body
scrub with water full moon. Once considered clean everything, then Tengku nine
priests sprinkled water over the body remains. Water is a water purifier last
nine. Named nine water because the water is poured over 9 times and thus the
body is considered clean. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
After the whole body remains clean, then raised
to the top of the bank and put to sleep on mats that had been prepared. Then,
Tengku priest took the shroud to start wrapping the corpse procession. Once
completed, the event continued with a prayer corpse. Prayer can be done on the
body by the river at that time, but it can also be done at the nearest mosque. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
After prayer, remains ready to depart towards the
last funeral. However, previously done ngeratap ritual, the relatives and
family members mourn those who died with various kinds of speech to remember as
long as life. Ritual ngeratap estimated to come from cultures other Batak Karo
and society. From this reason, as well as a variety of other reasons, the tribe
Alas allegedly has the same lineage with the Batak people, especially the Batak
Karo. In its development, given the teachings of Islam prohibit practices mourn
those who have died, then the ritual began ngeratap not run anymore. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
After all this procession started and completed,
the next step is to bring the body to the burial site for rumored. Usungan Bier
again appointed to be taken to the cemetery. Stretcher-bier was in the front
row and is protected with an umbrella being exposed to hot sun. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burial Procession body </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
In the tomb
area, some people assigned to prepare the site to be used for the funeral. Soil
was excavated a hole to bury the bodies later. As the group arrives at the
carrier's body burial, the bodies removed from the coffin, and then carefully
inserted into the grave. Once the body is inserted into the hole earth, straps
located on the head of the corpse was opened with the intention that the body
was not cooped up in a shroud. After that, the hole where the body was put back
filled with earth dug earlier. Procession hoard grave with soil should be done
in a way that very carefully. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
After the stockpiled soil, Tengku imam as
leader's funeral, took two geloah rod (rod spacing) and then grown on top of
the heap tomb, precisely in the part where the head and foot of the bodies are.
The purpose of planting geloah stem is a sign that the place had been used to
bury a person, as well as a replacement headstone for a while. In the tradition
of the Malay archipelago, and generally does not use the tombstone of stone or
wood, when the grave was new. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
After the raising of the rod geloah, Tengku
priest took the water that is provided and then poured on top of the grave. After
that, Tengku priest sitting near geloah rod that is attached at the top (head
body) to read talkin and closing prayer. The reading was followed by a prayer
of the whole assembly is in place. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
After talkin finished reading and prayer, one
representative of the deceased or the family of the deceased expressed his
gratitude to all those who attended and helped funeral procession to the
cemetery until finished. In a thank you is also extended to all the relatives
and all citizens to come to the funeral home for three nights, from the first
night until the third night. After penyampaikan thank you from the family
representative is complete, the funeral was held in cash, and everyone is
welcome to return to their homes. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Period of condolence </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
In the tradition
of the Malay community, including those by members of the community interest in
Aceh southeastern Alas, the procession of condolence always done as a series of
funeral ceremonies were performed by custom. Condolence ceremony performed as a
warning for those who are still alive so always faithful and devoted to God
Almighty for the rest of his life. In addition, the condolence ritual is also
done so that the spirits of the dead got a good spot on the side of God and all
his deeds earn rewards in kind. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Ritual condolence in the tradition of public
interest Alas conducted over three consecutive days, the first night, the
second night and the third night after the funeral. Participants condolence
usually consists of community members, relatives, family and friends who are
grieving. Sympathy began after Maghrib time, but since the afternoon or
evening, the women had come first to the funeral home by bringing cakes and
food that will be served after the ceremony condolence later. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The event was led by Tengku condolence priest who
started the procession with the reading of Al-Fatihah and ended with the
reading of prayers. The duration of the execution time depends on the length of
the procession sympathy or condolence short readings led by Tengku priest. After
reading condolence finished, served food and drinks to the guests spurious. After
the food and drinks ready to serve all participants, a relative stands and
short speech that essentially invited the attendees to sample. If the event has
finished eating and drinking, so the audience was led Tengku priest himself
asking the host to return to their homes. Thus condolence event like this held
until the third day. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seventh-day period </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Rituals are
performed on the seventh day after the funeral ceremony became larger than
before the ceremony. For families who can afford, usually cut buffalo or cow
for the purposes of this event. As for those who are not able to be carried out
simply enough, but still larger than the previous ceremony. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Before arriving on the seventh day, the family
would make funeral invitations made from betel leaf. Invitations are seeking
public interest Alas characteristic is called pemanggo 7. The invitation then
submitted to the relatives and the people who will be invited to the ceremony
the seventh night. Submission of betel invitation made by one of the relatives
who are usually women who helped a man. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Mourning relatives who accept the invitation will
prepare the items that will be given to the family of the deceased. Some types
of luggage, among others: lemonade, kerotuum (rice wrapped in banana leaves elliptic),
a stacking side dishes (basket), coconut, duck eggs, rice, and money. At the
moment there are inherent surrender customary speech to the effect that the
host is willing to accept the inherent spurious. The host responded with the
customary speech basically saying gratitude. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The ceremony begins seventh day after Maghrib
prayer. Tengku priest opened the event by reading samadiah followed by reading
a prayer. The next event is the determination of the heirs of the late /
deceased or known by the name of the event berbadas. If <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>late / deceased left the boys are older,
berbadas not necessary. Berbadas done if the heirs were left unsettled by
custom or religion. Berbadas led by Tengku priest assisted by the village
headman (village head) because they are the ones who considered the notion of
religious rules and customs of the legal heirs. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Planting Period Stone </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
The plant is
naming rocks for placement procession grave headstones in the land. The purpose
of the use of the tombstone is a sign that the tomb had always remembered and
cared for by their families and society in general. For citizens Spare Alas,
planting tombstones day after the seventh day of the ceremony. As a complement
to the stone planting ceremony is a yellow sticky rice to eat and water mixed
together with lime slices to sprinkle on the ground tomb. Tombstone planting
ceremony conducted in the morning and still led by Tengku priest. The ceremony
begins with the tomb watering with water that has been provided and performed
by the priest. Watering is done three times from the top of the tomb (head) to
the bottom (foot) and read prayers. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Furthermore, the upper part of the stone has been
wrapped in a white cloth and placed in a container called a salver, taken by
Tengku priest, then planted on his tomb on the head. Stone plugged roughly half
the positions are covered with stones on top. After that, Tengku priest
continued planting tomb stone on the bottom (feet). Both stones are planted not
far away with a tree that had been planted earlier geloah at a funeral. After
the procession finished planting stones, Tengku priest crouched beside the
grave to read the prayers and followed by the audience. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
praying, the event continued with a meal with
yellow glutinous rice that has been provided. Once everything is finished, the
ceremony was already finished planting stone implemented. Thus, a series of
traditional funerals Alas Tribal communities have been implemented.</div>
<h2>
<span><span id="Seni_Tari"><span class="mw-headline">Dance</span></span></span> </h2>
<span>The art of ethnic
Alas (Alas and Gayo Indigenous Council, 2003):</span> <br />
<span>1. dance Mesekat <br />
<span>2.</span> <span>Pelabat</span> <br />
<span>3.</span> <span>Alun Landok</span> <br />
<span>4.</span> <span>Alas Tribal Vocal</span> <br />
<span>5.</span> <span>Canang Situ</span> <br />
<span>6.</span> <span>Canang Reed</span> <br />
<span>7.</span> <span>Genggong</span> <br />
<span>8.</span> <span>Oloi-olio</span> <br />
<span>9.</span> <span>Keketuk layakh</span> </span><br />
<h2>
<span><span id="Kerajinan"><span class="mw-headline">Craft</span></span></span> </h2>
<span>The traditional
crafts of ethnic pedestal like:</span> <br />
<span>1.</span> <span>Nemet (mengayam palm leaf)</span>
<br />
<span>2.</span> <span>Mbayu Amak (mats)</span> <br />
<span>3.</span> <span>Custom embroidered clothing</span>
<br />
<span>4.</span> <span>Blacksmith (knife bekhemu)</span>
<br />
<h2>
<span><span id="Makanan_Tradisonal"><span class="mw-headline">Traditional Food</span></span></span>
</h2>
<span>The traditional food
of the tribal base is:</span> <br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span>1.</span> <span>Manuk labakh</span> <br />
<span>2.</span> <span>Fish labakh</span> <br />
<span>3.</span> <span>Puket Megaukh</span> <br />
<span>4.</span> <span>Lepat bekhas</span> <br />
<span>5.</span> <span>Gelame</span> <br />
<span>6.</span> <span>Puket Megaluh</span> <br />
<span>7.</span> <span>Fruit Khum-Khum</span> <br />
<span>8.</span> <span>Fish pacik Kule</span> <br />
<span>9.</span> <span>Teukh Bath</span> <br />
<span>10.</span> <span>Puket mekuah</span> <br />
<span>11.</span> <span>Tumpi</span> <br />
<span>12.</span> <span>godekhr </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
13. <span>Puket sekuning </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
14. <span>cimpe </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
15. <span>getuk</span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-35224523493332002662012-10-16T18:21:00.001-07:002012-10-16T18:27:04.861-07:00Singkil Tribe From Aceh<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOVdfVqc4wmzJKqn_1PQL3N-rrBym2fmCvaY-Ag9kMELhpi8aPuZF3cn3jKoveCmgJsa2XHpq6XoDhzsVc8nmelnRKZsLtfFeiOEqKDEjjVbzBPxwbbL8_LAKD_09zRttd3nmYcLS0l7zQ/s1600/singkil-pose-all1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOVdfVqc4wmzJKqn_1PQL3N-rrBym2fmCvaY-Ag9kMELhpi8aPuZF3cn3jKoveCmgJsa2XHpq6XoDhzsVc8nmelnRKZsLtfFeiOEqKDEjjVbzBPxwbbL8_LAKD_09zRttd3nmYcLS0l7zQ/s320/singkil-pose-all1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Singkil tribe</span></b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html"> </a>is a
tribe located in the district of Aceh <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>land and Subulussalam city in the
province of Aceh </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>tribe</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> is a tribe located in the district and the city <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>Subulussalam
land in the province. In general, the population can be divided into 2
<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html"> Singkil </a>the Ethnic Ethnic Ethnic <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>and Coastal. Both of these tribes
into tribes that have shaped the region <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>since hundreds of years
ago. It also found also other ethnic minorities who entered later. </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>ethnic or so-called tribal
customs and culture <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>have a close interest Pakpak in North Sumatra
province . Similarly, the regional language that is relatively similar. Experts
ethnology and linguistics expert stated that the tribe is part of the tribe
<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>Pakpak, in this case Pakpak Boang. The use of the tribal clan has many
similarities with in Pakpak, although there are some that are different. Even
so, people <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>prefer to call themselves as Tribal <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil</a>. Until now
standing interest <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>still debated, is included in interest Pakpak <i>inlet</i>
Boang or stand as a separate tribe separate from the tribe Pakpak. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Coastal Ethnic generally live in
coastal areas and cities in the area <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil</a>. By custom, culture, and their
language is very different from the ethnic <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>inland. They use traditional
and coastal Minang culture commonly found along the western coast of Sumatra. </span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Language <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil</a> </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>language is a regional language spoken by
the natives <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil</a>. In this case also divided into 2 languages. Keduan
local languages is also very different. In blood and coastal cities use
English coast near the Minangkabau language. Commonly used by people who
do not use the clan. They are descendants of immigrants who have menatp
Minang aspect in the coastal area centuries ago. </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">While the language used in rural
areas close to the language <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>Pakpak. Commonly used by the tribe and
Boang Singkil commonly surnamed. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>Dance Steps</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>is a famous dance that
started out in South Asia. It is mostly performed by the Maranao People of Lake
Lanao. <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>is often performed for festivals and ceremonies of passage.
<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>is a ritual performed by the prince and princess to define their
courting as well as historically to present the women to show her eligibility.
It shows the agility of the young girl turning into a women with every step. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/singkil-tribe-from-aceh.html">Singkil </a>Dance Video </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/igwW0WQpf5I?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-77383480843964045282012-10-16T18:00:00.000-07:002012-10-16T18:00:33.220-07:00Jamee Aneuk tribe <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpn_4MDxSlAIxCdwhY6iGsNPXCd6R4VF_Nes72-DSY1278WHgcYRpboiqTskD4yTpN5BsgYE8vPykRzgE1tJefwT0iOvzE1K3oOeMi8kUKEPFu4d9XGiZKmCryjxJRf0P_cIsoAH0ONcii/s1600/suku.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpn_4MDxSlAIxCdwhY6iGsNPXCd6R4VF_Nes72-DSY1278WHgcYRpboiqTskD4yTpN5BsgYE8vPykRzgE1tJefwT0iOvzE1K3oOeMi8kUKEPFu4d9XGiZKmCryjxJRf0P_cIsoAH0ONcii/s320/suku.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<strong><span id="goog_819187789"></span><span id="goog_819187790"></span>Jamee Aneuk tribe</strong>
is a tribe scattered along the western and southern coast of Aceh ranging from Singkil
, South Aceh , West Aceh and Simeulue . <span style="background: #E6ECF9;"><span>Spare Aneuk Jamee is
Minangkabau people migrated to Aceh and Aceh have been mixed with the tribe,
Kluet, Singkil and Devayan.</span></span> <span>In terms of language, language Aneuk Jamee is still
considered one of the Minangkabau dialect of the language that has been mixed
with local languages.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><a name='more'></a>History</span>
</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>It is said that the story, while the war lasted vicar,
the vicar fighters began to get squeezed by the Dutch colonial attacks.</span> <span>Coastal Minangkabau at the
time was part of the kingdom of Aceh send relief troops.</span> <span>when the situation became
critical in eksoduskan forced people, at the start of the People's Minangkabau
scattered on the South West coast of Aceh.</span> <span>Another version states that a
stopover in South Aceh district of Sheikh Burhanuddin Ulakan , a Sheikh from
Ulakan Pariaman from West Sumatra) (?? - 15 Safar 1116 H 19 / June 20, 1704).</span>
<span>He is a scholar who
spread Islam in the Kingdom Pagaruyung .</span> <span>Besides, he is famous as the hero of the Islamic
movement against occupation VOC .</span> <span>It stems from the coast Ulakan, Pariaman .</span> <span>Sheikh Burhanuddin been
studying at the Sheikh Aceh Singkil Abdurrauf of Aceh Singkil village, who had
been a disciple and faithful adherents of the teachings of Shaykh Ahmad
al-Madinah Qusyasyi.</span> <span>By Sheikh Ahmad both are empowered to spread the
religion of Islam in their respective regions.</span> <span>According to the story, South
Aceh was once a stopover ships from West Sumatra toward Mecca carrying pilgrims.</span>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>In another version, Aneuk Jamee in South Aceh occupies
in the coastal areas near the sea.</span> <span>Perhaps the movement path of the ancestors is the first
track, first living from gardening and fishing.</span> <span>Along with the times, along
with the diversity, life continues to grow there is now a businessman, traders,
officials, civil servants, and so forth.</span> <span>Everything is alive in each portion.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span> </span></b> </div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-82408194376199417072012-10-15T19:15:00.000-07:002012-10-15T19:47:43.725-07:00Gayo Tribe<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTH1I9rtz1sjkgDExmK_amodKpTo1ueAeYstbB7pCJhqHZdRoPh" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTH1I9rtz1sjkgDExmK_amodKpTo1ueAeYstbB7pCJhqHZdRoPh" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
SPARE <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">GAYO </a>is a tribe that inhabited the <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo</a> highlands . <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>tribe in majority districts are in Central Aceh (25%), highlands (25%), <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>Lues (25%) of Southeast Aceh (15%), East Aceh (5%), Aceh Tamiang (3%), in the Outer Aceh (2%). <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>tribe religion of Islam and they were known devout in his religion. <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>tribe uses a language called <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo</a> language. History Kingdom of Linga or Linge (<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo</a> language) on the ground <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo</a>, according to M. Djamil Jonah in his book "White Elephant" issued by the Institute of Culture Atjeh in 1959, Kutaraja, said that around the 11th century (Penahunan is probably very relative because Lamuri kingdom existed before this century, a more precise penahunan Centuries to 2-9 M), the Kingdom of Linga established by the <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo<span style="color: black;"> </span></a>people in the era of Sultan Mahmud Shah Machudum Johan Sovereign of the Kingdom Perlak. This information is known from the testimony of his son Raja Raja Uyem and Ranta, King Cik Bebesan and of Zainuddin, from Bukit Kejurun kings who have ruled both as king in the Dutch colonial era. Linga Raja I, mentioned having 4 children. The oldest woman named professor or Datu Beru Beru, others sebayak Linga (Ali Shah), Meurah Johan (Djohan Shah) and Meurah Linga (Malamsyah). Sebayak Linga then migrate to the land of Karo and open country where he is known as the King of Linga Sibayak. Meurah Johan wanders into Aceh Besar and establish his kingdom called Lamkrak or Oeii Lam, known as the Sultanate Lamoeri and Lamuri or Lamuri or Lambri. This means that over the sultanate Lamuri founded by Johan Meurah while Meurah Linga lived in Linge , <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>, who later became king Linge down termurun. Meurah Silu Pasai migrate to the area and become a civil power in Pasai Sultanate. Power is the sultanate Sultanate led by Shiite Persians and Arabs. Meurah Mege himself buried on the Slopes Keramil Wihni Rayang Paluh in the Linge , Central Aceh . Until now still preserved and respected by the people. The cause of migration is unknown. However, according to the story is told that the king favored his youngest Linga Meurah Mege. Thus making the other children prefer to wander.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
Arts Culture <br />
A cultural element that never flagging in <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>society is art, which almost never stagnate even tend to thrive. Gayo famous art form, such as dance and art tells saman called Didong. In addition to entertainment and recreation, art forms it has the function of ritual, education, information, as well as a means of maintaining balance and social structure of society. In addition there is also a form of art like: Dance bines, Guel Dance, Dance munalu, Sebuku (pepongoten), teachers Didong and melengkan (art speech customary), which is also not forgotten from time to time, because people are rich <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>arts culture. In all facets of life, the <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>have and cultivate a culture as a reference behavior to achieve order, discipline, solidarity, mutual assistance, and diligent (mutentu). Experience the value of this culture driven by a value called bersikemelen, namely competition embody a basic value of self-esteem (mukemel). These values are embodied in various aspects of life, such as in the fields of economics, arts, kinship, and education. The source of these values is the religion of Islam as well as local custom embraced by the entire community <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo</a>. SPARE <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">GAYO </a>is a tribe that inhabited the <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>highlands . <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>tribe in majority districts are in Central Aceh (25%), highlands (25%), <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>Lues (25%) of Southeast Aceh (15%), East Aceh (5%), Aceh Tamiang (3%), in the Outer Aceh (2%). according to a geologist who conducted research bali origin in Aceh <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>tribe amid a primitive tribe. <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>tribe religion of Islam and they were known devout in his religion. <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>tribe uses a language called <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/gayo-tribe.html">Gayo </a>language .<br />
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Tradition</span></b></div>
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Alang Tulung means mutual help. Tradition Alang
Tulung a heritage come with the aim of creating harmony and tolerance in
society. This tradition is based on the philosophy that man can not live alone,
but must be mutually mutual assistance.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The origins of Interest Gayo is
one of the Malays who settled in Nanggro Aceh Darussalam (NAD). Gayo Malay
community has a tradition of mutual aid called Tulung reeds. The tradition of
mutual assistance is usually associated with a joint life, including the
economy and religion. This tradition is practiced by rural communities Gayo and
a force to embed them as a tribe (T. Syamsudin, 1979/1980). Alang Tulung
generally means mutual help. In the language of Gayo, grass means "sick or
poor and mean please or help Tulung Thus, alang Tulung defined as persons who
are sick or distress then had to be helped or assisted. Tradition grass is
Tulung heritage Gayo Malay community who want to live in harmony and peace .
tradition is based on the philosophy that man can not live alone, but must be
mutual help. Humans have a sick and healthy. those who have petrified the sick
healthy, and vice versa(T.Syamsudin,1979/1980).</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Concentration of coarse
hand-picked</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The core of the tradition Tulung
grass is mutual assistance to each other, either in social activities, family
events, economics, and religion. In addition based on the teachings of the
ancestors, alang Tulung also based on the teachings of Islam professed by the
majority of Gayo. Tradition Alang Tulung Gayo society generally expressed in
several areas of the following activities:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
1. Economy and jobs. Alang Tulung
in this field generally a berelat or menomang (rice), mangale (open gardens in
the forest), mangolo (fisheries), pioneer (create a path), munuke rerak
(brought water), and murerak (air duct cleaning) . Alang Tulung this model
involves almost the entire population of the village. Special on menomang,
usually only done by the family and relatives or spouses and friends, as well
as menomang also aimed to find a mate.</div>
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<br /></div>
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2. Everyday appliances. In this
field is manifested in activities such as munegu pereu (makes the boat), keben
granary), fungi (shelter in the fields), JINGKI (mortar), mersah / menasah (pesantren),
joyah (mosque), and wumen (where bath). Currently, this model Tulung grass is
starting to rarely performed because of the presence or JINGKI keben already
lost. The development joyah and menasah still do because it is a cultural
characteristic Gayo hitherto maintained.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
3. Community. In this field,
grass Tulung consists of two models, which are generally in the form munyesuk
neighborly umah (building a house) which includes finding wood in the forest,
giving the roof of the house, or bury telege (digging wells), and are generally
concerned relatives antarkaum life cycle ceremonies , such as marriage,
circumcision, or shave the baby's hair. In the model of voluntary neighborly,
landlords will only feed and drink. However, he had to reply helpful to people
who have helped him building a house. While antarkerabat done on the basis of
kinship, alternating current members held the same relative</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
4. Conditional events. Alang
Tulung in this context do when things happen that are unexpected, such as accidents,
death, or other. In the event of death, for example, in general, neighbors and
relatives to come. The bebujang (youth) for example will inherit bury jeret
(digging), while beberu (girls) take water for bathing the corpse. Religious
scholars to take care of the shroud, while some others charge comforting
grieving families.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
5. Religion or belief. Alang
Tulung in this case do when preparing for the anniversary of religious
holidays, such as the celebration of the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad, Eid
al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. Another form is like holding munayang (kenduri paddy)
in the form of pit niweh (feast down field), tulak bale (starting bala), and
munebang (feast open forest)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Values</div>
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Knowledge about the Gayo Tulung
grass contains noble values, among others</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harmony community. This tradition of mutual
help strengthen community harmony Gayo. With work together, deprivation and
distress can be done well and might be shared.</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Preserving tradition. Alang Tulung be evidence
that the preservation of ancestral traditions are important things to do.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Respect for fellow human beings.The tradition
is a form of appreciation Alang Tulung humanity and become a symbol of
solidarity Gayo.</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maintain custom. Tulung Alang is a social
ethic that comes from the teachings of the ancestors and therefore its
implementation is a manifestation of the effort in keeping the traditional
Gayo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Applying religion. The majority of the Gayo
people are Muslims and Islam teaches that human beings help each other.
Therefore, the implementation of this tradition is also an implementation of
religious teachings Islam.Menjaga unity. Mutual assistance is a strong
foundation to keep the unity of society. Therefore, the implementation of this
tradition is the effort to strengthen the social foundation.</div>
<br /><br />
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-23066805792697997132012-10-15T18:29:00.001-07:002012-10-15T18:42:00.437-07:00Overview of Aceh<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://bisnisinvestasi.acehprov.go.id/img/aceh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://bisnisinvestasi.acehprov.go.id/img/aceh.jpg" width="252" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b> <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a></b><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html"> </a>who first called <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>Darussalam
( 1511 - 1959 ) once referred to hereinafter as the Special Region ( 1959
- 2001 ) and <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>( 2001 - 2009 ) and became the province of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>( 2009 - present ) is a province of the western Indonesia . <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>has set up its
own autonomy, in contrast to most other provinces in Indonesia, for reasons of history
.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The area is bordered by the Bay of
Bengal to the north, the Indian Ocean to the west, the Strait of Malacca in the
east, and North Sumatra in southeast and south. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>is the capital of Banda <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>. Ports is
Malahayati-Krueng Ulee Lheue, Sabang , Lhokseumawe and Langsa . <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>was the
region worst hit by the earthquake and tsunami December 26, 2004 . Some places
on the coast completely destroyed. The hardest was Banda <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>, <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a> Besar , <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>Jaya , West <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>, Singkil and Simeulue . </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>has a wealth of natural resources such as petroleum
and natural gas . Natural resources it is located in North <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>and East <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>.
<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>is also famous for its forest resources, which lies along the line of the
Bukit Barisan , from Kutacane , Southeast <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>, Seulawah , <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>Besar , until Ulu
Masen in <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a> Jaya . A national park, the Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL)
are also found in Southeast <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>. </div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext;">History</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>Darussalam at the time of reign of Sultan
Iskandar Muda Meukuta Perkasa Alam (Sulthan <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a> to 19) , is a country that is
very rich and prosperous. According to a researcher for the origin of the
French who arrived in <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>in the heyday of the era, the power reaching the
west coast of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a> Minangkabau to Perak . Sultanate of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>have established
relationships with the kingdoms of the Western world in the 16th century ,
including the British , Ottoman , and the Netherlands . </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sultanate involved a protracted power struggle
since the beginning of the 16th century, first by the Portuguese , and since the
18th century by the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands . At the end of the
18th century, <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>was forced to give up territory in Kedah and Penang in the
Malay Peninsula to the United Kingdom. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In 1824 , the Anglo-Dutch Agreement was signed,
in which Britain handed over its territory on Sumatra to the Dutch. The British
claim that <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>was their colony, although this is not true. In 1871, Britain
allowed the Dutch to colonize <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>, possibly to prevent France from gaining
power in the region. </div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline">Sultanate of Aceh</span>
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A continuation of the <b>Sultanate of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a></b><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html"> </a>Sultanate
Pasai Ocean destroyed in the 14th century . Sultanate of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>is located in the
north of the island of Sumatra to the capital Kutaraja ( Banda <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a> ). In the
long history ( 1496 - 1903 ), <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>has carved his past so grand and amazing,
especially because of its ability to develop a pattern and system of military
education, its commitment against European imperialism, a system of regular and
systematic government, realizing the center- science assessment center, to the
ability to establish diplomatic relations with other countries. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline">War in Aceh</span> </h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Aceh War began in the Netherlands declared war on
Aceh on 26 March 1873 , starting from the arrival of General JHR Kohler 3198 as
the number of troops, including 168 officers KNIL. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
After doing some diplomatic threats, but did not
win a large area. War broke out again in 1883 , but again failed, and in 1892
and 1893 , the Dutch believed that they had failed to seize <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>. In fact, on
the first day of the war, one unit of the Dutch warship, Citadel van Antwerpen
had experienced 12 fire cannons from Aceh forces <sup>[14]</sup> . </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dr . Christiaan Snouck , an expert who pretended
to convert to Islam from Leiden University have managed to get the confidence
of many <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>leaders, and provide advice to the Dutch that their attacks are
directed to the clergy , not to the sultan. This suggestion was successful. In 1898
, Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz declared the governor of Aceh, and with his
lieutenant, Hendrikus Colijn , captured much of Aceh. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sultan M. David finally give ourselves to
the Netherlands in 1903 after two of his wife, children and his mother were
arrested by the Dutch advance. Sultanate eventually dropped in 1904 . At that
time, the capital of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>has fully seized the Netherlands. But the resistance
is still being conducted by the commander -chief in the interior and by the <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>Ulema until japan in and replace the role of the Dutch. <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>War was a war of
the most detrimental to the Dutch colonial history archipelago . </div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline">colonization</span>
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span id="Bangkitnya_nasionalisme">Meanwhile, during the
reign of the Netherlands, the Acehnese began a partnership with other regions
in Indonesia and was involved in various nationalist movements and politics.</span>
Aceh were increasingly
involved in the nationalist movement in Indonesia. When <i>Volksraad</i>
(parliament) was formed, Teuku Nyak Arif was elected as the first
representative of the Acehnese. (Nyak Arif then sworn in as governor by the governor of
<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>Sumatra first, Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan ). </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
When Japan began to wage a war to expel European
colonialists from Asia, figures Acehnese fighters sent into Japan's wartime
leader to help businesses drive the Dutch from <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>. Negotiations began in 1940.
After several aborted
landing plan, finally, on February 9, 1942 Japanese forces landed in Batee
Ujong, <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh </a>Besar. Their arrival was greeted by the leaders of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>fighters and the general public. The entry of Japan into Aceh, the Dutch were expelled
permanently from <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Initially Japan be kind and respectful to the people and
leaders of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>, and respect the beliefs and customs that having Islamic <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>.
People did not hesitate
to help and participate in the development programs of Japan. But when the situation is
improving, harassment of the people of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>, especially women conducted by
personnel from the Japanese army. Muslim Acehnese began instructed to bend toward the sun
rises in the morning, a behavior that is contrary to the Islamic faith. Hence came the Acehnese
resistance against Japan in all areas of <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html">Aceh</a>. The most famous example is
the resistance led by Tengku Abdul Jalil, a scholar from the Bayu, near Lhokseumawe
. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline">Ethnic groups</span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">The
province has</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">13</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tribes,</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">namely</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/overview-of-aceh.html"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Aceh</span></span></a><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gayo</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Aneuk</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jamee</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Singkil</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Alas</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tamiang</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Kluet</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Devayan</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sigulai</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Pakpak</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Haloban</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Lekon</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">and</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Nias</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">. </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">The results of</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">the population census</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">in 2000 showed</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">the following results</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">: </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Aceh</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">(</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">50.32%), </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Java</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">(</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">15.87%), </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gayo</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">(</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">11.46%), </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Alas</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">(</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">3.89%), </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Singkil</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">(2.55</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">%), </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Simeulue</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">(2.47</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">%), </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Batak</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">(2.26</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">%), </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Minangkabau</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">(1.09</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">%), </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">others
(</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">10.09%).</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3678155307340057558.post-61501283644030826402012-10-15T17:47:00.004-07:002012-10-15T18:32:37.136-07:00Ethnic groups in Indonesia<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sweetmarias.com/indonesia.all.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="http://sweetmarias.com/indonesia.all.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">There are more than 300 different
ethnic groups or ethnic groups in <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/ethnic-groups-in-indonesia.html">Indonesia</a>. The Javanese are the largest
ethnic group in <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/ethnic-groups-in-indonesia.html">Indonesia </a>with 41% of the total population. The Javanese mostly
gathered in the island of Java, but millions of people have transmigrated and
dispersed to various islands in the archipelago even migrate like to Malaysia
and Suriname. Spare Sundanese, ethnic Malays, and Madurese Tribe is the next
largest group in the country this. Many remote tribes, especially in Kalimantan
and Papua, have had only a small population of hundreds of people. Most of the
local languages in the family group Austronesian languages, though a large
number of tribes in Papua belonging to the Papuan or Melanesian language
family. Based on data from Census 2000, the ethnic Chinese <a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/ethnic-groups-in-indonesia.html">Indonesia </a>amounted
to approximately 1% of the total population. Indonesia's ethnic Chinese
residents speak various Chinese dialects, most language Hokkien and Hakka . </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The division of ethnic groups in
<a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/ethnic-groups-in-indonesia.html">Indonesia </a>was not absolute and it is not clear due to migration, the mixing of
cultures, and mutual influence, as an example of some people argue Banten and
Cirebon is a separate tribe with a particular dialect as well, while the side
while others argue that they are simply sub-Javanese ethnic tribe as a whole.
Similarly Bedouin tribe that while the parties consider them as part of a whole
tribe Sunda . Another example is the mixing of ethnic Betawi tribe which is a
result ethnic mixing various tribes of the archipelago and the settlers both
the Chinese and the Arabs who came to live in Batavia in the colonial era.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This is a <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">list
of ethnic groups living in<b> </b><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/ethnic-groups-in-indonesia.html">Indonesia</a></span><a href="http://ibdo.blogspot.com/2012/10/ethnic-groups-in-indonesia.html"> </a>, followed by the name of
the region is used as a place to stay the majority of their respective tribes.
The following list is sorted by the name of the tribe, not the name of the
region: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Collage 247 ethnic groups in Indonesia </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Acehnese in Aceh : Aceh Besar district </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alas tribes in Southeast Aceh district </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alor tribes in NTT: Alor regency </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ambonese in Ambon city </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ampana tribes in Central Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">In Tribal Children in Edinburgh </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jamee Aneuk tribe in South Aceh district , West Aceh district </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Arab tribes-Indonesia </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aru tribes in Maluku: Aru Islands </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Asmat in Papua </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Abung in Lampung </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribal Bali in Bali comprises: </span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribal Bali Majapahit in most island of Bali </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribal Bali Aga in Karangasem and Kintamani </span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Balantak tribes in Central Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Banggai in Central Sulawesi: Banggai Islands </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Baduy in Banten </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bajau tribe in East Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Banjar in South Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Batak tribe in North Sumatra comprising: </span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Karo tribe in Karo district </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Mandailing in Mandailing Natal district </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Angkola tribe in South Tapanuli district </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Toba tribe in Toba Samosir regency </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pakpak tribes in the district Pakpak Bharat </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Simalungun tribes in the district Simalungun </span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Inner tribe in Jambi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bawean tribes in East Java : Gresik </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bentong tribe in South Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Berau in East Kalimantan : Berau district </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Betawi in Jakarta </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Bima NTB: Bima city </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Boti tribes in South Central Timor regency </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Bolang Mongondow in North Sulawesi : Bolaang Mongondow </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bugis of South Sulawesi </span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pagatan Buginese in South Kalimantan , Lower Kusan, Land Seasonings </span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bungku tribes in Central Sulawesi : Morowali </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Buru in the Moluccas: Buru regency </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Buol in Central Sulawesi: Buol </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bulungan tribes in East Kalimantan: Bulungan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Buton in Southeast Sulawesi: Buton and Bau-Bau </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bonai tribes in Riau : Rokan Hilir </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Damal tribe in Mimika </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dampeles tribes in Central Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dani tribe in Papua : Baliem Valley </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Dairi in North Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dayak tribe comprises: </span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ahe Dayak tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bajare Dayak tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Damea Dayak tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Banyadu Dayak tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bakati tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Punan in Central Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kanayatn tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Krio Dayak tribe in Kalimantan Barat: Ketapang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dayak tribe Laur River in West Kalimantan: Ketapang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Simpangh Dayak tribe in West Kalimantan; Ketapang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Iban tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mualang tribe in West Kalimantan: Sekadau , Sintang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bidayuh tribe in West Kalimantan: Sanggau </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribe of Mali in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Seberuang tribe in West Kalimantan: Sintang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sekujam tribe in West Kalimantan: Sintang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sekubang tribe in West Kalimantan: Sintang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketungau tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribal village in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sleepiness tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ot Danum tribe or Dohoi in Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Limbai tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kebahan tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pawan tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tebidah tribe in West Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bakumpai tribe in South Kalimantan Barito Kuala </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">People Barangas in South Kalimantan Barito Kuala </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hill tribes in South Kalimantan </span></li>
<ul type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The Dayak Pitap at High Cliff, Balangan , South Kalimantan </span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hulu Banyu Dayak tribe in Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Balangan Dayak tribe in Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Deyah tribal hamlet in South Kalimantan: Tabalong </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ngaju tribe in Central Kalimantan: Kapuas </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Moody afternoon in Central Kalimantan: Joyless Kingdom </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He Bara tribe in Central Kalimantan: South Barito </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ot Danum tribe in Central Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lawangan tribe in Central Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Bawo Dayak in Central Kalimantan: South Barito </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Tunjung , West Kutai, clump Ot Danum </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Benuaq , West Kutai, clump Ot Danum </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Bentian , West Kutai, clump Ot Danum </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Bukat , West Kutai </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Busang , West Kutai </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Ohong , West Kutai </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kayan tribe , West Kutai, clump Apo Kayan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Bahau , West Kutai, clump Apo Kayan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Penihing , West Kutai, clump Punan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Punan , West Kutai, clump Punan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Modang , East Kutai, clump Punan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Basap , Bontang-East Kutai </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ahe tribe in Berau </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Tagol , Malinau, clump Murut </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Brusu , Malinau, clump Murut </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kenyah , Malinau, clump Apo Kayan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Lundayeh , Malinau </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sand tribes in East Kalimantan: Sand District </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dusun tribe in Central Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Maanyan tribe in Central Kalimantan: East Barito </span></li>
<ul type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">People Maanyan Paju Sapuluh </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">People Maanyan Paju Epat </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">People Maanyan Dayu </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">People Maanyan Nails </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">People Maanyan Five Continents <i>Five Maanyan Paju</i> </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The Dayak Warukin in Tanta, Tabalong , South Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Samihim , North Pamukan, Kotabaru , South Kalimantan </span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Dompu NTB: Dompu </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Donggo , Bima </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Donggala in Central Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dondo tribes in Central Sulawesi: Toli-Toli </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribal Thorn Located in the northern district
bordering Enrekang Tana Toraja, covering three main sub Anggeraja, Baraka,
and Alla in South Sulawesi </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Indonesian-European tribes <i>(the Indo-European</i>
or Peranakan Indonesia) </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flores tribes in NTT East Flores </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gayo tribe in Aceh Gayo Lues Central Aceh
highlands </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Gorontalo in Gorontalo: Gorontalo City </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gumai tribe in South Sumatra: Lahat </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribes India-Indonesia </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Banten on Banten </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Cirebon in West Java: Cirebon </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The Javanese in Central Java, East Java, Yogyakarta </span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tengger tribe in East Java </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Osing tribes in East Java: Banyuwangi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Samin tribe in Central Java: Purwodadi </span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Jambi in Jambi: Jambi City </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kei tribe in Southeast Maluku: Maluku Tenggara
and Tual </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kaili tribes in Central Sulawesi: Palu </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Kaur in Bengkulu: District Kaur </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wood Tribal Court in South Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Kerinci in Jambi: Kerinci </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Komering tribe in South Sumatra: Komering Ogan Ilir , Balfour </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Konjo Mountains , Gowa regency, South Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Coastal tribes Konjo , Bulukumba, South Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kubu tribe in Jambi and South Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kulawi tribes in Central Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Kutai in East Kalimantan: aquatic mammal </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Kluet in Aceh: Aceh Selatan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Krui in Lampung </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribal Sea , Riau Islands </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Lampung in Lampung </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lematang tribe in South Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Lembak , Rejang Lebong regency, Bengkulu </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Latitude , South Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Lom , Pacific Islands </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribal Lore , Central Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Lubu , the border between North Sumatra and
West Sumatra Province </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Moronene tribes in Southeast Sulawesi . </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Madura in East Java </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Makassar in South Sulawesi: Gowa, Takalar, Jeneponto, Bantaeng,
Bulukumba (part), District Sinjai (Gowa regency of the border) Maros
(partial) Pangkep District (part) of Makassar </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Mamasa (West Toraja) in West Sulawesi: District Mamasa </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Mandar , West Sulawesi: Polewali Mandar </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Malay </span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Malay Tamiang in Aceh: Aceh Tamiang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Malay tribes in Riau and Riau Islands </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Malay Deli in North Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Malay Jambi in Jambi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Malay Bangka Bangka Island </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Malay Belitung Title Source </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Malay Sambas in West Kalimantan </span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribes Mentawai in West Sumatra: Mentawai Islands </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Minahasa in North Sulawesi: Minahasa regency comprises 9
subetnik: </span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Babontehu </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Bantik </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Pasan Ratahan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Ponosakan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Tonsea </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Tontemboan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Toulour </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Tonsawang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Tombulu </span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The Minangkabau , West Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mori , Morowali, Central Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Muko-Muko in Bengkulu: District Mukomuko </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Muna tribes in Southeast Sulawesi: Muna </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Muyu tribe in Digoel regency , Papua </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mekongga tribes in Southeast Sulawes: Kolaka and
North Kolaka </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribe Nias in North Sumatra: Nias regency , North
Nias and South Nias from two Japanese and Vietnamese descent </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Osing in Banyuwangi in East Java </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ogan tribe in South Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Ocu in Kampar district, Riau </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Padoe <sup>[1]</sup> in Central Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Papua / Irian </span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Asmat in Asmat regency </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Biak tribe in Biak </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dani tribe , Baliem Valley, Papua </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Ekagi , Paniai region, Abepura, Papua </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Amungme in Mimika </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Bauzi , Mamberamo downstream, northern Papua </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Arfak in Manokwari </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kamoro in Mimika </span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Palembang in South Sumatra: Palembang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pamona tribe in Central Sulawesi: Poso </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pasemah tribe in South Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pesisi tribe in North Sumatra: Central Tapanuli </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sand tribes in East Kalimantan: Sand District </span></li>
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<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Swamp , Rokan Hilir, Riau </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rejang tribes in Bengkulu: District Kepahiang ,
Lebong , and District Rejang Lebong </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rote tribes in NTT: District Rote Ndao </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cavities tribes in NTT East Manggarai </span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saluan tribes in Central Sulawesi </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Sambas (Melayu Sambas) in West Kalimantan:
Sambas </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sangir tribe in North Sulawesi: Sangihe </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sasak tribe in NTB, Lombok </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare checkmate Bangka </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Sekayu in South Sumatra </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Semendo in Bengkulu, South Sumatra: Muara Enim </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Serawai in Bengkulu: South Bengkulu and District Seluma </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Simeulue in Aceh: Simeulue District </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Sigulai in Aceh: Simeulue northern </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Sumbawa in West Nusa Tenggara: Sumbawa </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sumba tribes in NTT West Sumba , East Sumba </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sundanese in West Java </span></li>
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<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Talaud tribe in North Sulawesi: Talaud Islands </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Talang Mamak tribe in Riau: Indragiri Hulu </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Tamiang in Aceh: Aceh Tamiang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tengger tribe in East Java Pasuruan and Probolinggo slopes G. Bromo </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tribe of Ternate in North Maluku: Ternate </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tidore tribe in North Maluku: Tidore </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tidung in East Kalimantan: Land District Tidung </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Timor NTT, Kupang </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ethnic Chinese-Indonesian </span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The Chinese Trenches in Pelaihari, Land Sea , South Kalimantan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The Chinese Fortress in Tangerang , Banten province </span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tojo tribes in Central Sulawesi: Tojo Una-Una </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Toraja in South Sulawesi: Tana Toraja </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tolaki tribes in Southeast Sulawesi: Kendari </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spare Toli Toli in Central Sulawesi: Toli-Toli </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tomini tribes in Central Sulawesi: District Parigi Moutong </span></li>
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<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Una-una tribe in Central Sulawesi: Tojo Una-Una </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ulu tribes in northern Sumatra: Mandailing Natal </span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wolio tribes in Southeast Sulawesi: Buton </span></li>
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<![endif]-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09816809822193910395noreply@blogger.com0